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CjQEXRIGHT DEPOSIT 



The Creator's Plan 
and Man's Work 

OR 

THE FOUNDATION AND CONSTRUCTION 

OF THE 

UNIVERSAL CIVILIZATION 



BY CHARLES G. McDOUGALL 
u 

A Corn Grower of Illinois and a Rice Grower of Arkansas 



A WORK ON POLITICAL ECONOMY 

For the Common People 
Second Edition, Revised March 1917 



Stuttgart, Arkansas 






COFYR IGHT, 1911 

COPY RIGHT, 19 19 

BY CHARLES G. McOOUGAL.1 



NOV j 5 i 919 



ICI.A585725 




.SjlyZL^rAj &3k$Jj<rt*Yi£AL 



Contents 



Page 

Introductory 1 

The Foundation 5 

Slavery 8 

Trade 18 

Roman Civilization 24 

Frotection from the Wrath of God 26 

Feudalism 29 

The French Revolution 30 

Summary of the Evidence 32 

Diagram of First Four Columns 34 

The Force and Material . . . . 36 

The Force 40 

Declaration of Independence 46 

The Material 57 

Recapitulation 69 

Fifth Column, Private Ownership 74 



Contents 

The Sixth Column, Competition 88 

The Seventh Column, Money 104 

The Eighth Column, Freedom of Trade . .112 

The Ninth Column, Public Utilities 136 

The Tenth Column, Sanitation 155 

The Eleventh Column, Peace 160 

The New Freedom 175 

The United Nations 180 

The Twelfth Column, Religion 188 

Xotes 193 

justice 195 



Preface 



MR. BUCKLE, the author of "Civilization 
in England," of which he was spared to 
write only the introduction, says: "For 
in the moral world, as in the physical world, 
nothing is anamolous; nothing is unnatural; 
nothing is strange. All is order, symmetry and 
law. There are opposites, but there are no con- 
tradictions. " 

"In the character of nations inconsistency is 
impossible. * * * To solve the great prob- 
lem of affairs, to detect the hidden circum- 
stances which determine the march and destiny 
of nations and to find in the events of the past 
a key to the proceedings of the future is 
nothing less than to unite in a single science 
all the laws of the moral and physical world. 
Whoever does this will build up afresh the 
fabric of our knowledge, rearrange its various 
parts and harmonize its apparent discrep- 
ancies." 

To detect the hidden circumstances which 
determine the march and destiny of nations 
and to find in the events of the past a key to the 
proceedings of the future is the great work 



ii Preface 

which the author attempts to accomplish. 
While he cannot hope to achieve success in an 
undertaking of such magnitude, yet it is pos- 
sible that he has been able to do some work on 
a foundation upon which others may build. 

To the college graduate I wish to say that I 
have been deprived of the benefits even of a 
common school education, and the book may 
not be up to the standard of other scientific 
works; this field, however, is open to you; with 
your knowledge and education you should be 
able to accomplish more than I have. 

To the common people, and especially to the 
farmers, I am proud to say that I am one of 
you, and I know that you are all aware of the 
fact that there must be a foundation for every 
structure, and its construction requires force 
and material. 

In this book I first prove, the foundation of 
the Universal Civilization is: "Even as the 
green herb, have I given You all things." In 
other words, the Earth was created for man- 
kind and the fruits of the Earth are the gift of 
the Creator to all, and natural laws were made 
by the Creator, the great Architect of the 
Universe, to carry out that intention; the force, 
which is irresistible, is the constant pressure 
of the selfish mainspring of human conduct on 



Preface III. 

the common people; the material is the peculiar 
construction of the Earth, which, you have all 
observed, produces or contains, or possibly 
both produces and contains, a surplus quantity 
of a few commodities in every locality. 

The work so far accomplished has lifted us 
up out of a condition of barbarism, ignorance 
and superstition, and given us the right to life, 
liberty, equality and freedom — The pursuit of 
happiness — which I call the first four columns 
of the Universal Civilization. 

The personal rights of mankind having in a 
great measure been attained, or at least dis- 
covered and proclaimed to the world, the ques- 
tion or demand of the people is now a question 
of property, or a demand for the fruits of the 
Earth. Therefore it follows that everv institu- 
tion of government, or every column of our 
structure, must strengthen and support the 
first four columns and at the same time provide 
the fruits of the Earth at the lowest cost or 
least exertion. 

Tn addition to the inspiration derived from 
the plow handle the author desires to say that 
he has devoted some time to the study of Mr. 
Buckle's "History of Civilization in England/' 
from which source he has acquired much 
valuable information. 



Introductory 

THE GRANDEST work of man* is civ- 
ilization, by which is meant the change in 
political and social conditions existing at 
the present time compared to the same condi- 
tions in a state of barbarism. 

This great work of civilization is in its in- 
fancy; it is hardly begun; in fact the founda- 
tion upon which to build the structure has not 
been discovered, at least, if known has not 
been utilized by economic writers. 

The necessary columns or institutions for its 
maintenance have not been designated; the 
work that has been accomplished in its con- 
struction is haphazard, not securely or properly 
braced; we are not yet sufficiently removed 
from barbarism to be free from danger; there is 
a possibility, a grave possibility, that it may be 
overthrown; it is not built upon a lasting or 
permanent foundation. 

When all the columns or institutions for the 
support of the structure are resting upon the 
same and the lasting foundation the nations of 
the Earth will not be an armed camp: the 

*See note one. 



2 Introductory 

waters will not be covered with ships of war 
and destruction; and the first sights to greet 
the international traveler will not be forts and 
cannon. 

When civilization is based upon the proper 
foundation the instruments of war will not be 
necessary and will not be tolerated. 

When we take into consideration the devel- 
opment of Japan along the present lines of civ- 
ilization, and also take into consideration the 
vast population and resources of China, now 
lying dormant, and then remember that even in 
our own country, at the present rate of con- 
sumption, iron will be exhausted and coal a 
scarce commodity within a century, we can 
easily see what might cause a repetition of the 
conditions following the downfall of the Roman 
Empire. 

With the exception of the abolition of chattel 
slavery the Roman civilization was built upon 
a foundation which would favorably compare 
with the foundation upon which the present 
civilization rests. 

The foundation of the Roman civilization 
was force or power, but finally the storms came 
and the Empire, weakened by slavery and the 
consequent unequal distribution of wealth and 
political influence was overrun by barbarians, 



Introductory 3 

Rome was destroyed and the so-called Roman 
civilization swept away and forgotten. 

As we all know the first work in the con- 
struction of a great building is the foundation 
upon which to base the various columns for 
the support and maintenance of the proposed 
structure. 

Formerly the foundation of the buildings in 
the city of Chicago was the clay, only a few 
feet below the surface; those buildings soon 
settled out of shape and had to be torn down; 
then piles were driven deep in the earth and the 
foundation stones were laid upon the piles; 
again the buildings settled and had to be torn 
down ; at the present time holes are dug to the 
bed rock and filled with concrete; the many 
columns for the support of the buildings are 
bedded in this concrete; thus the structure rests 
upon a foundation that will stand the test of 
time; ancient history is a partial record of 
former civilizations that have fallen, as did the 
first buildings of Chicago, simply because they 
were not based upon the lasting foundation. 

In the construction of the proposed build- 
ing, to-wit, the Universal Civilization, it is the 
hope of the author first to discover the proper 
foundation, then to follow with the construc- 
tion of the necessary columns or institutions 



4 Introductory 

for the perpetuation of the work; all of the 
columns of the present civilization that are 
based upon the lasting foundation will be 
utilized, strengthened and made permanent; it 
is not the purpose to write a long and tedious 
book, in language that the ordinary farmer and 
laborer cannot understand; instead, he will 
attempt to discover the plans and specifications, 
which he contends are prepared by the great 
Architect of the universe, for the foundation 
and construction of a work or building in which 
all are interested, and in which all either con- 
sciously or unconsciously perform a part of the 
work. 

As these plans and specifications are intended 
for the common people, they are simple and 
easilv understood. 



The Foundation 

IF THE reader will turn to Genesis 1, 28-31, 
he will see that, according to this account 
of the creation, the Earth, including all 
things and especially the fruit of the soil is the 
gift of the Creator to mankind. 

Again, Genesis IX, 2-3, almost in the same 
words: "Even as the green herb have I given 
you all things." That includes the coal, iron 
and other minerals as well as the fruits of the 
soil. 

This gift of the Creator to mankind, the 
reader will notice, was not made to any race 
or class; it was simply given to all; that 
evidently being the plain intention of the 
Creator, it is only reasonable to suppose He 
made the necessary laws to carry out His 
intention. 

The discovery of those laws will be the com- 
plete science of Political Economy, and their 
application will cause the Universal Civiliza- 
tion. 

In this day and generation it would be use- 
less to produce arguments for the Universal 



6 The Foundation 

Civilization based upon a Theological founda- 
tion. 

Theology is the result of faith and today 
there are too many skeptics, too many doubters. 

While a theological foundation may be cor- 
rect, yet this age demands scientific and historic 
proof. 

Science, as here used, is the result of inquiry 
and patient investigation; a scientific fact is 
the discovery of a natural law, in other words, 
the discovery of a law made by the Creator. 

History is a partial record of what has hap- 
pended in the World. 

Here is an opportunity to write a history of 
mankind of many volumes ; not having the time 
and knowledge necessary to undertake such a 
work, and also knowing that the common 
people, who have for all time led and must con- 
tinue to lead the way in all movements that 
have any permanent results in bettering the 
condition of mankind, do not have the time and 
inclination to read such works, I will produce 
only the headlines of the progress of civil- 
ization. 

Every step forward points to the great truth 
that the Earth, regardless of the Mosaic 



The Foundation 7 

account of the creation, and considering only 
scientific and historical facts, was created for 
mankind. 

Every institution that is based upon this 
foundation stands the test of time, while every 
institution that is not based upon it falls, passes 
away, and is buried with the dead past. 

If these statements are correct, and it is found 
to the satisfaction of the reader that the Theo- 
logical foundation is proven to be correct by 
scientific and historical facts, then we can easily 
discover the institutions that must yet fall, and 
those that have been or will be constructed to 
maintain the Universal Civilization of the 
future. 



Slavery 



THE beginning of slavery dates back to the 
time when one barbarian discovered he 
had the strength to overpower another 
and compel him to work for a bare existence. 

In the last chapters of Genesis and first 
chapters of Exodus we find the first authentic 
account of slavery or the oppression of one class 
of the people by another and what in the end, so 
far, always comes to the oppressor. 

Here we are informed that Jacob — Renamed 
Israel by the Lord — was the father of twelve 
sons; that Joseph, next to the youngest was 
sold, by his elder brothers, to the Ishmaelites 
for twenty pieces of silver and afterward the 
Midianites sold him to Pontifar, Chief officer of 
Pharaoh, King of Egypt. 

Afterward, B. C. 1715, Joseph interpreted a 
dream for Pharaoh by which it was revealed, 
that there was to be seven years of exceeding 
plenty, followed immediately by seven years of 
famine and great distress in all countries. 

Pharaoh, at once, made Joseph ruler of all 
Egypt, saying to him: "only in the throne shall 



Slavery 9 

I be greater than thou/' and directed him to 
take charge and save all that could be spared 
during the seven years of plenty. 

During the second year of the famine, B. C. 
1706, Israel sent all of his sons, except Ben- 
jamin, the youngest, to Egypt to buy corn, 
there they met Joseph, their brother, whom 
they sold to the Ishmaelites, now ruler of all 
Egypt. 

This meeting of Joseph and his brothers 
being made known to Pharaoh he spoke to 
Joseph and told him to have his father and all 
his family, together with all their flocks, herds, 
and household goods, moved to Egypt and 
dwell in the land of Goshen. 

The famine being very severe in Caanan — the 
home of Israel — he moved to Egypt, as re- 
quested by Joseph, with all his sons, their wives 
and children, seventy in all, including Joseph, 
his wife and two children, and Israel dwelt in 
the land of Egypt, in the Country of Goshen 
and had possessions therein and grew and 
multiplied exceedingly and the land was full of 
them. 

About one hundred and thirty years after- 
ward, B. C. 1576, Pharaoh, king of Egypt, fear- 
ing the children of Israel might join the enemy, 
in case of war, set taskmasters over them, 



10 Slavery 

but the more they were afflicted the more the> 
grew, and the Egyptians were grieved because 
of the children of Israel, they made them serve 
with rigor and made their lives bitter with 
hard bondage, then Pharaoh ordered the mid- 
wives to kill all male children of the Israelites 
at the time of birth, but the midwives feared 
God and refused to kill the children, and they 
multiplied and waxed very mighty; then 
Pharaoh ordered all his people — the Egyptians 
— that whatever shall be born of the male sex 
shall be drowned, so it was a crime not to kill 
the male children of the Israelites. 

About this time B. C. 1571, Pharaoh's 
daughter seeing a small boat in the flags that 
grew along the bank of the river, directed her 
maidens to bring it to her. When the cover 
was removed she found it contained a male 
child about three months old, she hired a 
Hebrew, (Israelite) woman to nurse the child, 
who happened to be the child's mother, and 
afterward adopted the child and named him 
Moses. 

After Moses grew up to be a strong man and 
knew of the oppression of the children of Israel 
by the Egyptians, he saw an Egyptian beating 
an Israelite, looking around and seeing no one 
he struck the Egyptian and killed him and 
buried him in the sand, then he became uneasv 



Slavery n 

and made his escape into the land of Median. 

After many days God called Moses out of the 
burning bush and said to him: "I have surely 
seen the affliction of my people that are in 
Egypt and have heard their cry by reason of 
their taskmasters; for I know their sorrows; 
and I am come down to deliver them out of the 
hands of the Egyptians, ******And now be- 
hold, the cry of the children of Israel is come 
unto me: moreover I have seen the oppression 
wherewith the Egyptians oppress them. Come 
now therefore, and I will send thee unto 
Pharaoh, that thou mayest bring forth my 
people, the children of Israel out of Egypt." 

Moses made several objections, among others 
that he was slow of speech and not eloquent, 
then God appointed Aaron his older brother to 
go with him and do the talking. 

And the Lord said unto Moses: speak unto 
Pharaoh, King of Egypt, that he let the children 
of Israel go out of his land. Moses and Aaron 
did as directed, but instead of letting them go 
the King ordered that their burdens be in- 
creased; that they gather stubble from the 
fields and make the same numbers of brick they 
made when straw was furnished them. 

Then, upon the same demand by Moses and 
Aaron of Pharaoh and his refusal to let them 



12 Slavery 

go, followed the ten plagues of Egypt, inflicted 
upon the Egyptians but not upon the Israelites. 

First: The waters were turned to blood. 
Second: The plague of frogs. 
Third: The plague of lice. 
Fourth: The plague of flies. 
Fifth: The plague of murrain. 
Sixth: The plague of boils. 
Seventh : The plague of hail. 
Eighth': The plague of locusts. 
Ninth: The plague of darkness. 
Tenth: The death of the first born of man 
and beast. 

In regard to this, the tenth plague, the Lord 
instructed Moses to have each householder or 
head of a family to kill a lamb on the evening of 
the fourteenth day of the first month and mark 
the door post of their houses with blood; he 
further instructed Moses that he was going 
through all the land of Egypt about midnight 
on the fourteenth day of the first month and kill 
the first born of man and beast of all the 
Egvptians, from Pharaoh to the woman be- 
hind the mill, but he would "Pass Over" all the 
houses of the Israelites that were marked with 
the blood of the lamb; he further instructed 
Moses to have the women borrow jewels of 
silver and jewels of gold of the Egyptians, and 
the men borrow of the Egyptians everything 






Slavery 13 



they would need on their journey because 
Pharaoh and the Egyptians would be anxious 
to have the children of Israel depart from the 
land of Egypt at midnight. 

When it was known, by the Egyptians, at 
midnight, the time appointed, that the first 
born of all the Egyptians were dead, there was 
a great cry throughout all Egypt, Pharaoh 
called for Moses and Aaron and said to them: 
"Rise up and get thee forth from among my 
people, both ye and the children of Israel, and 
go serve the Lord as ye have said, also take 
your flocks and your herds as ye have said, and 
bless me also. 

It is estimated that the children of Israel had 
increased to over three million of people by this 
time, B. C. 1491. As the people of Egypt were 
worn out with the plagues they were anxious 
to have them go and assisted them by loaning 
them everything they needed, to such an extent 
that they spoiled the Egyptians. 

At the appointed time the goods of the 
Israelites were all packed and loaded, their 
flocks and herds were ready to go and so they 
departed from Egypt and the bondage of the 
Egyptians, the Lord leading them with a pillar 
of fire by night and a pillar of smoke during the 



14 Slavery 

day and thus they were led to the banks of the 
Red Sea. 

After the first born of the Egyptians were 
buried and the excitement died down, Pharaoh 
asked: "Why have we let Israel go from serv- 
ing us?" Then he made ready and ordered all 
of his chariots and army to follow the track of 
the Israelites and bring them back to slavery, 
he overtook them, camped, on the banks of the 
Red Sea, when the Israelites were ready to go 
the waters of the Sea were opened so there was 
a wall of water on the right hand and on the 
left hand and while the pillar of fire furnished 
light for the Israelites to pass through to the 
other side, it made darkness for Pharaoh and 
his army. 

After the children of Israel were all safely on 
the other side of the sea the darkness was re- 
moved and Pharaoh with all his chariots and 
army followed in the same road that was made 
for the children of Israel, when the Egyptians 
were all in between the two banks of the sea, 
Moses ordered Aaron to strike the waters of the 
sea with his rod, whereupon the waters came 
together, and Pharaoh and all his army were 
drowned. 



Slavery 

THE INSTITUTION of slavery, the 
reader will easily admit, was based upon 
the theory that the Earth was created for 
a few ; at least not for all. 

The history of slavery, its degradation and 
cruelties, would require a volume many times 
larger than the author proposes to write, and 
would distract the attention of the reader, so 
that the main object would become more or less 
indistinct and perhaps lost. 

In order to maintain the institution of slavery 
it was always necessary to keep the slaves in 
ignorance; when this was neglected it resulted 
in revolt and the murder of their masters. 

Slavery, in ancient as well as modern times, 
was responsible for a condition of society that 
can be best understood by quoting from a negro 
song often heard in the south before the war; 

"I ruther be a nigger than a po' white man." 

The white or free laborer was poor because 
he could not compete with slave labor and ac- 
cumulate property. 

15 



16 Slavery 

It was this condition more than any other 
one thing that caused the decline and fall of the 
Roman Empire. 

The beginning of the decline of slavery in all 
civilized nations dates back to the year of 1783, 
when a petition was addressed to the English 
Parliament for the abolition of the slave trade. 

On February 4, 1794, the French declared all 
slaves in French colonies free. 

In March, 1807, an act was passed by the 
English Parliament fixing the date of January 
1, 1808, upon which the English slave trade 
must cease. 

The total abolition of the trade by other 
European powers and America was gradually 
provided for by treaties which were enforced 
by the English Government. 

In 1830 a bill was passed freeing all slaves in 
British Colonies and providing for the payment 
to the owners of One Hundred Million dollars 
to compensate them for their loss. 

The war of the rebellion in the United States. 
1861 to 1865, was indirectly caused by slavery. 

As a war measure the slaves were set free in 
1863 and the act was confirmed by constitution- 
al amendment in 1865. 



Slavery 17 

This war cost about Seven Hundred Thou- 
sand lives, desolated the southern states and, 
including principal and interest, pensions, etc., 
has cost the people by this time at least Ten 
Billions of dollars. 

The attention of the reader is called to the 
fact that the English method, which they have 
always followed, if possible, in abolishing an 
institution that opposes the progress of civil- 
ization, is much better and less costly than the 
method followed in the abolition of slavery, in 
the United States. 

Slavery was based upon the proposition that 
the Earth was created for a few. 

Its abolition at such tremendous cost of life, 
and inconceivable cost of treasure, discovers the 
scientific fact, or natural law, that no one is 
born to be the slave of another, and very mate- 
rially helps to support the Theological founda- 
tion — "Even as the green herb have I given 
you all things" as the basis of the Universal 
Civilization. There can be no masters and 
slaves, all must be free and equal, otherwise 
this gift of the Creator to mankind is null and 
void. 



Trade 

AGAIN, in further support of the Theolog- 
ical foundation, we will now investigate 
trade, and the necessary implements of 
trade and travel, which are Transportation and 
Money. 

Trade differs from slavery in this particular: 
it is based upon the theory that the fruits of the 
Earth, at least, are created for mankind. 

The beginning of trade, like slavery, dates 
back of authentic history. 

First, trade was only barter, or the exchange 
of one surplus commodity for another. 

Transportation facilities at the beginning of 
trade were very meager. 

When the primeval trader arrived at the 
point were the local demand was not sufficient 
to consume all of his wares he very probably 
floated them down the streams on a rude raft; 
later he made boats, which still floated down 
the streams; in time he learned that poles or 
oars enabled him to go up the streams as well ; 
sails afterwards replaced the oars; while today 

18 



Trade 19 

the great steam freighters carry the different 
surplus products of the world in any direction, 
regardless of wind, tide or current. 

Transportation on land is and always has 
been more difficult, costly, and at times more 
dangerous, than transportation by water; 
rivers, mountains, deserts, wild beasts and 
barbarous tribes were at one time serious 
obstacles to land transportation. 

Some of these were overcome in an early 
stage of civilization by the construction of 
canals, thus substituting transportation by 
water for that by land. 

In the first stages of land transportation the 
primitive trader probably carried his wares on 
his back ; as he conquered the animals he made 
them carry his loads; in the winter he learned 
to use a rough sled; and so it goes, until today 
we have the modern railroad with mighty 
engines hauling trains with fifty to one hundred 
or more loaded cars. 

It is indeed a long way from the primitive 
trader with his back load of a dozen stone axes 
to the great locomotive with its burden of over 
two million pounds of merchandise. 

The invention of the steam engine and the 
construction of railroads very materially 



20 Trade 

reduced the cost of transportation on land and 
caused a great increase of trade, both between 
the people of the same nation, called domestic 
trade, and the people of different nations, called 
foreign trade. 

As trade increased, the difficulty of exchang- 
ing a surplus commodity for the desired article 
in the desired quantity became more difficult, 
consequently the invention of money. 

At first money consisted of things most gen- 
erally desired, such as skins, cattle, shells, grain, 
mats, salt, tobacco, etc. 

However, it was discovered in an early stage 
of civilization that gold and silver fulfilled all 
of the requirements of money, and I might add 
that this discovery has never been improved up- 
on, so far as the people are concerned, except by 
the issue of paper certificates, representing an 
equal amount of coin held in government 
vaults. 

Along with the increase of transportation 
and money came the mail, telegraph, telephone, 
and lately the wireless method of communica- 
tion which is destined to be of great benefit to 
trade and travel by water; all of wich points to 
the fact that the Earth as a whole was and con- 
tinues to be a perfect creation, and that the 
desires of man are limited, and were intended to 



Trade 21 

be limited, only by his own knowledge and the 
products of the entire Earth. 

Trade is the great civilizer of mankind; in 
our own country the trader has led the way 
from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 

At the present time the advance guard of 
trade is found in the frozen north and in the 
jungles of Africa. 

Wherever the trader goes he scatters the 
seeds of civilization. 

In China, where trade was long prohibited, 
and where at the present time there is the least 
foreign trade of all the great nations we find a 
backward state of civilization. 

The expected awakening of China depends 
upon the increase of her foreign trade. 

Trade has stood the test of time, all the way 
from barbarism to the present state of civiliza- 
tion; it has led the way, and every exchange 
of commodities, every increase of trade, has 
benefited not only a few but all mankind. 

Trade demands peace ; it will eventually ban- 
ish war. 

If the reader has the time and inclination he 
can easily find works which will prove that the 



22 Trade 

important facts concerning the history of trade 
and the implements of trade (money, means 
of communication and transportation) are con- 
tained in these headlines. 

Here however, there is no mention of tariff 
laws or other foolish regulations by various 
nations to restrict, interfere with, regulate and 
prevent the free exchange of the many surplus 
commodities between the people of different 
nations. 

This subject will be considered in the con- 
struction of one of the columns of the proposed 
structure. 

Xow we have slavery, a negative argument 
and trade, an affirmative argument; the former 
institution, or slavery, based upon the theory 
that the Earth was created for a few individ- 
uals; the latter institution, or trade, based upon 
the theory that the Earth was created for man- 
kind. 

As civilization advances slavery recedes and 
is finally abolished; on the other hand, as civili- 
zation advances trade increases and becomes 
universal. 

If the Theological foundation — "Even as the 
green herb have I given you all things,'' — which 



Trade 23 

it is desired to support by scientific and his- 
torical facts, is not correct, then the result 
would be exactly reversed ; slavery would have 
increased and become universal, while trade 
would have receded and finally become extinct. 

While the decline and abolition of slavery 
and the incessant increase and extension of 
trade, overcoming in its onward march not only 
the obstacles of nature but also the obstacles 
interposed by ignorant, selfish and meddlesome 
legislators and rulers, ought to be sufficient 
evidence to establish the correctness of the 
Theological foundation as the only true basis 
for the Universal Civilization, yet in order to 
furnish a preponderance of evidence, there are 
other witnesses to examine. 



Roman Civilization 

THE Roman government and institutions, 
consequently the Roman Civilization, was 
based upon force or militarism as it is now- 
called. 

The wealth that was accumulated by con- 
quering other nations and countries and reduc- 
ing the people to slavery gradually fell into the 
hands of a very few individuals. 

The proposition that all governments derive 
their just powers from the consent of the 
governed was entirely ignored. 

The conditions, so far as the common people 
and the slaves were concerned, finally became 
unbearable. 

The great majority of the people were either 
slaves or worse than slaves; nothing to live for, 
nothing to fight for; and the wealthy class were 
not sufficiently numerous to defend the Empire 
from civil discord and foreign invasion; con- 
sequently the downfall of what was called the 
Roman Civilization. 

Rome existed as Kingdom, Republic and 

24 



Roman Civilization 25 

Empire about Twelve Hundred years, the end 
coming A. D. 476. 

For centuries she derived all that any nation 
can derive from military power; she was always 
prepared for war; for Five Hundred years, as 
Republic and Empire, she was mistress of the 
known World, both on land and sea; not only 
a World power but the power of the world. 

From the downfall of Rome and the disap- 
pearance of her civilization we learn that force, 
(militarism) either to maintain peace or per- 
petuate war, is not the proper foundation upon 
which to build a lasting civilization. 



Protection from the 
Wrath of God 

ABOUT Five Hundred years after the fall 
of the Roman Empire, owing to the con- 
stant pressure of the principal main- 
spring of human conduct, SELFISHNESS, the 
common people first began to doubt the doc- 
trine of the Clergy and manifested a desire to 
better their condition. 

During the Five Hundred years mentioned 
above, the Clergy alone were able to read and 
write, consequently had an absolute monopoly 
of Knowledge concerning the laws of nature. 

In the absence of Physical knowledge, or 
knowledge concerning the laws of nature, man 
is always superstitious; any unusual natural 
occurrence is therefore attributed to the inter- 
ference of the Deity. 

A comet, an eclipse, a severe storm, a dry 
season, a wet season, an earthquake, and espe- 
cially an epidemic, is to them a manifestation 
of the wrath of God sent to chastise them for 
their sins. In the great depths of their ig- 
norance the people wanted PROTECTION 
FROM THE WRATH OF GOD, and that was 

26 



Protection from Wrath 27 

the foundation upon which civilization, if it 
might be called civilization, rested. 

The church or the Clergy claimed to be able 
to furnish the desired protection; all the people 
had to do was to attend the meetings, believe 
the doctrine and contribute their wealth to the 
church. 

As knowledge increased in spite of all opposi- 
tion and became diffused among the people, the 
Clergy found it necessary to persecute and 
torture the people, in order to make them 
believe the doctrine, and thus be able to con- 
tinue, themselves, in power over them; it was 
then that the struggle began for religious 
liberty. 

This struggle between the people and the 
church continued with more or less violence 
until the treaty of Westphalia, A. D. 1648, and 
finally resulted in religious liberty for every 
one in the more highly civilized nations. 

For Five Hundred years following the down- 
fall of Rome the ignorance of the people was so 
dense, and being accustomed to obeying their 
masters, they made no serious protest against 
the rule of the church. 

The present conditions in Russia would prob- 
ably be a fair comparison of the conditions 



28 Protection from Wrath 

existing during the remainder oi the period up 
to the treaty of Westphalia, except that the in- 
struments of torture now in use to maintain the 
Russian Autocracy in power are not quite so 
barbarous as those in use at that time. 

Protection from the wrath of God, or govern- 
ment by the church, was based upon the theory 
that the Earth was created for the Clergy: this 
attempt to maintain government based upon a 
false theory, ignoring the fact that the Earth 
s created for mankind has long since fallen 
in all civilized nations: "the increase of knowl- 
edge is the grave of superstitic: 



Feudalism 

AT the time the Clergy first commenced to 
persecute and torture the people to make 
them believe the doctrine of the church, 
the land was owned or controlled in large 
tracts. In order to protect themselves from the 
persecution of the Clergy the people allied 
themselves with the large landowners. This 
system of government was called Feudalism. 
It was the first attempt of the people, after the 
fall of the Roman Empire to establish govern- 
ment on a secular basis instead of a Spiritual 
basis. 

Under this system of government the com- 
mon people were little if any better than slaves ; 
but it must have been better than government 
by the church, otherwise it could not have 
lasted as long as it did. 

Feudalism was based upon the theory that 
the Earth was created for a few large land 
owners; its decline and fall was caused by the 
growth of cities, the increase and diffusion of 
knowledge and the consequent loss of power 
bv the church. 

29 



The French Revolution 

AGAIN, coming down to modern times, in 
1789 we have the French Revolution. 
The King, the aristocracy and the 
Clergy of France at that time seem to have 
labored under the opinion that the Earth was 
created for them. 

The rights and welfare of the common people 
were entirely ignored and the conditions in 
France were fast approaching the conditions 
existing in Rome before the fall of the Empire. 

If France at that time had been, as Rome had 
been, the power of the World, and the sur- 
rounding countries inhabited by barbarians, 
the probabilities are the conditions following 
the fall of the Roman Empire would have been 
repeated. 

In the absence of barbarians to overrun the 
country, the common people of France, held 
together by the first law of nature, selfishness, 
or self-preservation, either beheaded or ban- 
ished the Aristocracy and the Royal family and 
took possession of the land that the Creator had 
given to them; by so doing they simply re- 

30 



The French Revolution 31 

stored stolen property to its lawful owners. 
While the combined military forces of Europe 
were able to restore the Monarchy for a short 
time, yet the Declaration of American In- 
dependence had been made; the fiat had gone 
forth "That all governments derive their just 
powers from the consent of the governed, and 
all men are born equal, with certain inalienable 
rights; among these are life, liberty and 
freedom, or the pursuit of happiness." 

Here we have four natural laws, four sci- 
entific laws, that the Creator made for the con- 
struction of the Universal Civilization, pro- 
claimed to the world at one time. 



Summary of the Evidence 

A SUFFICIENT number of the witnesses 
having now been examined, let us sum 
up the evidence. The object, the reader 
will remember, is to prove by scientific and his- 
torical facts that the Earth was created for 
mankind and the fruits of the Earth are the gift 
of the Creator to all, and thereby establish the 
correctness of the Theological foundation upon 
which to build the Universal and lasting Civ- 
ilization of the future. 

Trade and the necessary implements of trade 
and travel (to wit, transportation, means of 
communication and money) are built upon this 
foundation; they have witnessed the decay of 
nations and the fall of Empires; have overcome 
in their forward march many natural obstacles, 
arid flourished in spite of the meddlesome legis- 
lation of ignorant legislators and rulers, and 
continue to increase in importance. 

On the other hand we have the following 
witnesses: 

First — Slavery; Earth was created for slave 
owners; Abolished. 

32 



Summary of the Evidence 33 

Second — Roman Civilization, for a few; 
Fallen. 

Third — Protection from the wrath of God, or 
government by the church for the benefit of the 
Clergy; Buried with the dead past. 

Fourth — Feudalism; Earth was Created for 
a few land owners ; Abandoned. 

Fifth — An attempt to repeat Roman Mis- 
governmnet by the Royal Family and Aristoc- 
racy of France; Banished or beheaded. 

The silent but undeniable testimony of these 
witnesses, together with the scientific facts, the 
right to life, liberty, equality, and freedom, 
which establish government of the people, con- 
clusively proves that the Earth was not created 
for a few individuals, and also proves the cor- 
rectness of the Theological Foundation, that 
the Earth was created for mankind and the 
products of the Earth are the gift of the Creator 
to all, and that is the foundation upon which is 
being constructed the Universal Civilization of 
the future. 

At least the Author claims that the case is 
won, and that the foundation upon which to 
base the various columns for the support of the 
magnificent structure, the Universal Civiliza- 
tion, is finally discovered. 



Diagram Showing First 
Four Columns 




I 



N the above diagram the circle represents 
the Earth, which is the limit of desires. 



54 



Summary of the Evidence 35 

F represents the force, which is the constant 
pressure of the selfish mainspring of human 
conduct on the common people. 

M represents the material, which is the 
peculiar construction of the Earth, containing 
or producing a surplus quantity of a few 
commodities in every locality. 

This force and this material have constructed 
the first four columns of the Universal Civ- 
ilization as shown in the diagram, to wit : No. 1, 
The right to life; No. 2, Liberty; No. 3, Equal- 
ity; No. 4, Freedom, or the pursuit of hap- 
piness. 

These four columns are based upon the 
proposition that the Earth was created for 
mankind ; they represent the personal rights of 
mankind and also establish government of the 
people, which is the only kind of government 
that the Creator made any laws to establish or 
perpetuate. 






The Force and Material 

THE foundation of the structure having 
been discovered, before proceeding with 
the erection of the various columns 
necessary for its support and maintenance it is 
advisable to examine the force and material 
provided by the Creator for the construction of 
the building. 

The immediate object is to establish the fact 
that nothing happens, nothing is strange, all is 
order, symmetry and law. 

The movements of the various bodies com- 
posing the solar system, and likewise the action 
of man, and even the method that we adopt for 
the production of the fruits of the Earth, were 
designed by the Creator. 

With the aid and observation of other astron- 
omers, Kepler, born in 1571, discovered the fol- 
lowing natural or divine laws: 

First — That the planets move in elliptical 
orbits, of which the Sun occupies the focus. 

Second — That an imaginary line joining the 
Sun and any planet moves over equal space in 
equal time. 

36 



" The Force and Material 37 

Third — That the square of the times of the 
revolutions of the planets are as the cubes of 
their mean distance from the Sun. 

Afterward, Newton, born in 1642, observed 
that an apple falling from a tree always fell 
down instead of up or sideways, which led to 
his discovery of the law of the Attraction of 
Gravitation; that is, "That every portion of 
matter attracts every other portion of matter 
with a force directly proportional to the 
product of their masses, and indirectly propor- 
tional to the square of the distance between 
them.''' 

The discovery of this law established the fact 
that the various bodies composing the solar 
system were held in their orbits, as discovered 
by Kepler, by the same force that caused the 
apple to fall to the Earth. 

The reader will probably notice that these 
laws are somewhat complicated and beyond the 
comprehension of the common people, but it 
was the discovery of these laws, and other laws 
of nature, or more properly speaking, other 
laws made by the Creator, and the diffusion of 
the knowledge or information resulting from 
their discovery, that led to the downfall of 
"Protection from the wrath of God." 

That knowledge of this particular kind would 



38 The Force and Material 

lead to its downfall was well understood by the 
Clergy. 

In support of this assertion Copernicus, a 
famous astronomer of Poland, born in 1473, 
anticipated (predicted) the discovery of the 
laws which were afterward discovered by 
Kepler and Newton, and published the same in 
1543, for which he was promptly excommu- 
nicated by the Pope. 

At the present time, while we, the common 
people, do not understand the laws, yet we 
know that God never manifests any wrath ; that 
he does not interfere with the affairs of man- 
kind; and that the laws controlling the 
universe, controlling the solar system, also con- 
trolling the movements of the Earth, giving us 
Summer and Winter, seed time and harvest, 
also controlling the elements of the Earth, 
giving us rain, snow and hail, sunshine and 
cloud, are made, fixed and unchangeable, and 
will so continue until the end of time. 

It has been shown that the Earth was created 
for mankind, that the products of the Earth are 
the gift of the Creator to all, that, this is the 
only foundation upon which to build the 
Universal Civilization, and now it is the con- 
tention of the Author that laws controlling the 
action or conduct of man, in connection with 



The Force and Material 39 

other laws controlling the production of the 
many and various commodities required to 
satisfy the desires, were also made, fixed and 
are likewise unchangeable and that these laws 
will cause universal government of the people 
and also cause a condition of society or state of 
civilization in which each and every one will 
have and enjoy an abundance of the necessaries, 
and some, more or less, according to individual 
exertion and ability, of the pleasures and 
luxuries of life. 

These laws can only be compared to the laws 
discovered by Kepler and Newton, they are 
natural or divine laws made by the Creator, and 
will accomplish their purpose with the same un- 
deviating certainty that the law of the attrac- 
tion of Gravitation, discovered by Newton 
holds the Earth in its orbit. 



The Force Or Laws Con- 
trolling the Action 
of Man 

A CLOCK usually has two mainsprings. 
One of them causes the hands to indicate 
the time; the other causes a small ham- 
mer to strike the hour. 

Likewise there are two mainsprings of all 
human conduct or action. 

One of the mainsprings of human action is 
Sympathy, which we will liken to the spring of 
the clock that causes the hammer to strike the 
hour. 

The other mainspring of human conduct is 
often referred to as the first law of nature, self- 
perservation, or in a word Selfishness, which we 
will liken to the spring of the clock that causes 
the hands to indicate the time. 

After the hour is struck the spring that 
causes it to strike remains inactive until the 
time comes for it to strike again; if the machin- 
ery became disarranged so the hammer kept on 

40 



The Force 41 

striking until the power of the spring was 
exhausted, we would send it to the jeweler for 
repairs. 

Likewise the sympathetic mainspring of 
human conduct is not made to maintain con- 
tinuous action. 

We are informed that some one is in great 
distress, immediately we rush to his assistance. 

We are informed that the hot winds have de- 
stroyed the crops over a large territory; 
directly the sympathetic mainspring is in action 
and we contribute car loads and train loads of 
the necessaries of life to relieve the distress. 

Again, the morning papers announce that 
San Francisco is destroyed by an Earthquake 
and the people are in need of assistance. 

The Sympathetic mainspring fiies, into action 
and in a few days Three Hundred Thousand 
dollars in excess of the amount needed is freely 
contributed. 

On the other hand "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was 
published in 1851, depicting a somewhat 
magnified condition of the suffering and dis- 
tress of the slaves in the South. 

It was intended to act upon the Sympathetic 
mainspring of human conduct, but this was a 



42 The Force 

case that required continuous effort, con- 
sequently there was no immediate action of any- 
great importance. 

On the same principle that the continuous 
use of the right arm of the blacksmith causes 
the development of the muscles of the arm, the 
improved methods of communication and 
transportation of supplies to those in distress 
causing the more frequent use of the sym- 
pathetic mainspring of human conduct, it is 
possible that it will also become of more im- 
portance. 

However, it is quite evident that sympathy 
was intended to relieve immediate distress, 
only, therefore does not remove the cause. 

Selfishness, the other mainspring of human 
conduct, is constructed to maintain continuous 
action. 

Newton saw the apple fall to the ground, it 
was a perfectly natural occurrence, but it did 
not fall up or sideways ; he believed there was a 
reason or force that caused it to fall to the 
ground; he afterward proved that the same 
force that caused the apple to fall down was the 
force that held the Earth and other bodies com- 
posing the solar system in their orbits. 

Likewise, vou observe the selfish child reach 



The Force 43 

out and grab the largest apple ; you reprove the 
action, but it is the same motive, the same main- 
spring of human conduct, that has given us the 
right to life, liberty, equality and freedom. 

In 1861, nine years after "Uncle Tom's 
Cabin" was published, the first shot of the war 
of the Rebellion was fired at Fort Sumter; a 
call was issued by President Lincoln for 
Seventy-five Thousand volunteers, not to free 
the slaves but to maintain the Union. 

This call was answered by many more than 
the required number; whole regiments were on 
the way in a few days. 

It was the selfish mainspring of human con- 
duct in action to maintain the Union, because it 
was necessary in order to perpetuate govern- 
ment of the people, against the selfish motive of 
the slave owners of the South to perpetuate 
slavery, and even up to the time that the slaves 
were set free, as a war measure, another selfish 
motive, it was an insult to the vast majority of 
the Union soldiers to tell them they were fight- 
ing to free the slaves. Which shows the small 
effect that "Uncle Tom's Cabin" and other 
sympathetic arguments had upon the people, 
and also shows that the war was fought on both 
sides from purely selfish motives. 

President Lincoln's speech at Gettysburg 



44 The Force 

confirms everv statement herein made, in 
regard to the war of the Rebellion ; this remark- 
able speech I will take the liberty of quoting in 
full: 

"Four score and seven years ago our Fathers 
brought forth on this continent a new nation, 
conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the 
proposition that all men are created equal. 

"Now we are engaged in a great civil war, 
testing whether that nation, or any nation so 
conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. 

"We are met on a great battle field of that 
war. 

"We have come to dedicate a portion of that 
field as a final resting place for those who gave 
their lives that that nation might live. 

"It is altogether fitting and proper that we 
should do this, but in a larger sense we cannot 
dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot 
hallow this ground. 

"The brave men, living and dead, who 
struggled here have consecrated it far above 
our poor power to add or detract. 

"The world will little note nor long remem- 
ber what we say here, but it can never forget 
what thev did here. 



The Force 45 

> - 
"It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated 
here to the unfinished work which they who 
fought here have thus so nobly advanced. 

"It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the 
great task remaining before us ; that from these 
honored dead we take increased devotion to 
that cause for which they gave the last full 
measure of devotion; that we here highly re- 
solve that these dead shall have not died in vain, 
that this nation, under God, shall have a new 
birth of freedom, and that government of the 
people, by the people, for the people, shall not 
perish from the Earth." 

Following is a verbatim copy of The Declara- 
tion of American Independence, the most 
eloquent appeal ever written to enlist the sup- 
port of any people, in any cause. 

Twenty-seven reasons are given to justify 
their action, only one, the last one, exactly in 
the right place, is intended to act upon the sym- 
pathetic mainspring of human conduct, while 
the other Twenty-six were intended to act and 
did act upon the selfish mainspring with a force 
that Great Britain could not conquer, partly be- 
cause the eloquence of the selfish appeal gave 
us the support of the French people and many 
of the leading men of England: 



Declaration of Inde- 
pendence 

WHEX in the course of human events it 
becomes necessary for one people to 
dissolve the political bands which have 
connected them with another, and to assume, 
among the powers of the earth, the separate and 
equal station to which the laws of nature and 
nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to 
the opinions of mankind requires that they 
should declare the causes which impel them to 
the separation. 

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that 
all men are created equal, that they are 
endowed by their Creator with certain inalien- 
able rights; that among these are life, liberty, 
and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure 
these rights, governments are instituted among 
men, deriving their just powers from the con- 
sent of the governed. That whenever any form 
of government becomes destructive of these 
ends, it is the right of the people to alter or 
to abolish it, and to institute a new government, 
laving its foundation on such principles and 

46 



Declaration of Independence 47 

organizing its powers in such form as to them 
shall seem most likely to effect their safety and 
happiness. 

"Prudence, indeed, will dictate that govern- 
ments long established should not be changed 
for light and transient causes; and accordingly 
all experience hath shown that mankind are 
more disposed to suffer, while evils are suffer- 
able, than to right themselves by abolishing the 
forms to which they are accustomed. 

"But when a long train of abuses and 
usurpations, pursuing, invariably the same 
object, evidences a desire to reduce them under- 
absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their 
duty, to throw off such government, and pro- 
vide new guards for their security. 

"Such has been the patient sufferance of these 
Colonies; and such is now the necessity which 
constrains them to alter their former systems 
of government. 

"The history of the present king of Great 
Britain is a history of repeated injuries and 
usurpations, all having in direct object the 
establishment of an absolute tyranny over these 
states. To prove this, let facts be submitted 
to a candid world : 

"He has refused his assent to laws, the most 



48 Declaration of Independence 

wholesome and necessary lor the public good. 

"He has forbidden his governors to pass laws 
of immediate and pressing importance, unless 
suspended in their operation till his assent 
should be obtained; and when so suspended, 
he has utterly neglected to attend to them. 

"He has refused to pass other laws for the 
accommodation of large districts of people, un- 
less those people would relinquish the right of 
representation in the Legislature, a right in- 
estimable to them and formidable to tyrants 
only. 

"He has called together legislative bodies at 
places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant 
from the depository of their public records, for 
the sole purpose of fatiguing them into com- 
pliance with his measures. 

"He has dissolved representative houses 
repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness 
his invasions on the rights of the people. 

"He has refused for a long time, after such 
dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; 
whereby the legislative powers, incapable of 
annihilation, have returned to the people at 
large for their exercise; the state remaining in 
the meantime exposed to all the dangers of 



Declaration of Independence 49 

invasions' from without, and convulsions 
within. 

"He has endeavored to prevent the popula- 
tion of these states; for that purpose obstruct- 
ing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; 
refusing to pass others to encourage their 
migration hither, and raising the conditions of 
new appropriations of lands. 

"He has obstructed the administration of 
justice, by refusing his assent to laws for estab- 
lishing judiciary powers. 

"He has made judges dependent on his will 
alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the 
amount and payment of their salaries. 

"He has erected a multitude of new offices 
and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our 
people and eat out their substance. 

"He has kept among us in times of peace, 
standing armies without the consent of the 
Legislature. 

"He has affected to render the military in- 
dependent of and superior to the civil power. 

"He has combined with others to subject us 
to a jurisdiction foreign to our Constitution, 
and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his 
assent to their acts of pretended legislation. 



50 Declaration of Independence 

"For quartering large bodies of armed troops 
among us. 

"For protecting them, by mock trial, from 
punishment for any murders which they should 
commit on the inhabitants of these states. 

"For cutting off our trade with all parts of 
the world. 

"For imposing taxes on us without our con- 
sent. 

"For depriving us in many cases of the 
benefits of trial by jury. 

"For transporting us beyond seas to be tried 
for pretended offenses. 

"For abolishing the free system of English 
laws in a neighboring province, establishing 
therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging 
its boundaries so as to render it at once an 
example and fit instrument for introducing the 
same absolute rule in these Colonies. 

"For taking away our charters, abolishing 
our most valuable laws and altering funda- 
mentally the forms of our government. 

"For suspending our Legislatures, and de- 
claring themselves invested with powers to 
legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. 



Declaration of Independence 51 

"He has abolished government here, by de- 
claring us out of his protection and waging war 
against us. 

"He has plundered our seas, ravaged our 
coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives 
of our people. 

"He is at this time transporting large armies 
of mercenaries to complete the work of death, 
desolation and tyranny, already begun with 
circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely 
paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and 
totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation. 

"He has constrained our fellow citizens, 
taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms 
against their country, to become the execu- 
tioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall 
themselves by their hands. 

"He has excited domestic insurrections 
among us, and has endeavored to bring on the 
inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless 
Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is 
an undistinguished destruction of all ages, 
sexes and conditions. 

"In every stage of these oppressions we have 
petitioned for redress in the most humble terms. 
Our repeated petitions have been answered 
only by repeated injury. A prince whose 



62 Declaration of Independence 

character is thus marked by every act which 
may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a 
free people. 

"Nor have we been wanting in attention to 
our British brethren. 

"We have warned them from time to time of 
attempts by their Legislature to extend an un- 
warrantable jurisdiction over us. We have re- 
minded them of the circumstances of our emi- 
gration and settlement here. We have appealed 
to their native justice and magnanimity and we 
have conjured them by the ties of our common 
kindred to disavow these usurpations, which 
would inevitably interrupt our connections and 
correspondence. They too have been deaf to 
the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We 
must therefore, acquiesce in the necessity which 
denounces our separation, and hold them, as 
we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in 
peace, friends. 

"We, therefore, the Representatives of the 
United States of America, in general congres's 
assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of 
the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, 
in the name and by the authority of the good 
people of these Colonies, solemnly publish and 
declare, that these united Colonies are, and of 
right ought to be, free and independent States; 



Declaration of Independence 53 

that^they are absolved from all allegiance to the 
British crown, and that all political connection 
between them and the state of Great Britain is 
and ought to be, totally dissolved; and that as 
free and independent states they have full 
power to levy war, conclude peace, contract 
alliances, establish commerce, and do all other 
acts and things which independent states may 
of right do. And for the support of this 
Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protec- 
tion of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge 
to each other, our lives, our fortunes and our 
sacred honor." 

The meaning of the word Selfishness, as 
herein used, can now be easily understood. The 
Declaration of Independence was made and the 
war of the Revolution fought, as all the world 
knows, to establish government of the people ; 
in other words, quoting from the Declaration 
itself: 

"We hold these truths to be self-evident : that 
all men are created equal; that they are en- 
dowed by their Creator with certain inalienable 
rights; that among these are life, liberty and 
freedom, or the pursuit of happiness. 

"That to secure these rights, governments 
are instituted among men, deriving their just 
powers from the consent of the governed." 




54 The Force 

Quoting again from Lincoln's speech: "We 
have come to dedicate a portion of that field as 
a final resting place for those who gave their 
lives that that nation might live ; and that gov- 
ernment of the people, by the people, for the 
people, shall not perish from the Earth." 

I have now produced the highest authority in 
all history, the Declaration of American In- 
dependence and Lincoln's speech at Gettys- 
burg, to prove that the war of the Revolution, 
from purely selfish motives, was fought to 
establish and transmit to future generations the 
personal rights of mankind, and the war of the 
rebellion, from the same motives, was fought 
that those rights, or that government of the 
people, by the people, for the people, shall not 
perish from the Earth. 

It being an admitted fact that the motives of 
all human conduct are sympathy and selfish- 
ness, then the same motive that caused the sel- 
fish child to reach out and grab the largest 
apple is the motive or force that causes the 
advance of civilization, and will eventually con- 
struct the various columns necessary for the 
support and maintenance of the Universal Civ- 
ilization of the future. 

The laws controlling the action of man are 
supposed to be more complex than other 
natural laws. 



The Force 55 

It is now the hope of the Author that it has 
been shown, to the entire satisfaction of the 
reader, that the constant pressure of the selfish 
mainspring of human conduct on the common 
people is the force or natural law that compels 
us to act; has lifted us out of barbarism, ig- 
norance and superstition; given us the undis- 
puted right to life, liberty, equality and free- 
dom; and caused the present state of civiliza- 
tion. 

It is the contention of the Author that laws 
controlling the action of man were made fixed 
and unchangeable; this being the law control- 
ling his action, then, it is not complex; in fact 
any law provided by the Creator, pertaining 
solely to mankind and the Earth, must neces- 
sarily be easily understood, in order that it may 
be discovered and applied by the common 
people. 

Those at the top-capital and those in author- 
ity — it should be remembered, always seek to 
maintain existing conditions and permit the 
advance of civilization only so far as to prevent 
revolution, and often fail to act in time to 
accomplish that. 

Comparing this law controlling the action of 
man with the laws controlling the movements 
of the planets discovered by Kepler and the 



66 The Force 

law of the Attraction of Gravitation discovered 
by Newton, we can easily see the difference 
between the laws that are necessary for astron- 
omers and those that are necessary for the com- 
mon people to understand. 

The only reason I am able to give why this 
law has not been discovered is — because it is so 
very simple. 

The many and complex questions, and the 
actions of individuals, groups and parties, may 
have caused the great thinkers and writers to 
overlook the law that lay on the surface, and 
seek, in vain, for its discovery in other places. 

Or possibly they may have decided that 
things just happen so far as man is concerned, 
and the Creator made no laws controlling his 
action. 

However, this is the law that the Author 
contends controls the action of man, and the 
constant pressure of the selfish mainspring of 
human conduct on the common people is the 
irresistible force and the cause of the advance 
of civilization. 



The Material 

IT is now advisable to establish an important 
fact that may not be generally known, 
except by farmers, concerning the produc- 
tion of the fruits of the soil, all of which, it has 
been shown, are necessary to satisfy the desires. 

The Author, being an ordinary Illinois 
farmer, does not have a very lively imagination, 
but it sometimes seems that the desires might 
have been somewhat restricted without any 
great detriment to the happiness of man, and all 
things necessary to satisfy him placed in a 
much smaller territory — for instance, ten miles 
square. There would be no desire to travel, 
because there would be nothing new to see. 

Every ten miles square being exactly alike 
would be rather monotonous, but it would 
save the construction of railroads, canals and 
other means of transportation and travel. 

Altogether, everything taken into considera- 
tion, such an Earth would save a lot of hard 
work, and might be an ideal place to live in ; 
everything would be on a dead level, with no 
desire or possibility of improvement. 

57 



58 The Material 

However, the Earth we have to deal with was 
not made on that plan ; in fact, it evidently was 
made on exactly the opposite plan. 

The coal, iron, gas, oil, copper and other 
minerals are found in large quantities, often in 
places almost inaccessible; much larger quanti- 
ties, in fact than any possible population can 
consume in the immediate vicinity; also exper- 
ience has shown that the soil is a specialist in 
the production of almost every commodity. 

Some of the products of agriculture, for in- 
stance corn and cotton, are produced in surplus 
quantities on strips of land called belts, extend- 
ing across our country East and West. 

Wheat, including both varieties, winter and 
spring, is grown over much larger territory 
than corn or cotton. 

Potatoes, from some reason, probably more 
on account of the soil than the climate, are 
produced in large quantities, with great reg- 
ularity, in one or more counties of a state, or 
possibly in parts of several counties. 

Another product of agriculture, rice, a very 
important commodity, in fact furnishing the 
principal article of diet of more people than any 
other one product of the soil, requires for its 
production, a steady hot climate for two or 



The Material 59 

three months, and a subsoil that will hold 
water; as it has to be grown in water from one 
to three inches in depth, it is necessary to have 
an abundant supply that can be procured at a 
reasonable cost. 

The different varieties of fruits are grown 
more or less all over our country, but the 
surplus supply that furnishes the markets, like 
all other supplies that furnish the markets with 
the necessaries of life, is grown by specialist, on 
soil and under climatic conditions that seem to 
have been made for that especial purpose. 

It is this very important fact that I wish to 
impress upon the reader, to-wit, that the Earth 
contains or produces a surplus quantity of a 
few commodities in every locality. Therefore 
it follows, if there is hunger, starvation or 
famine, it is man's folly, and not the fault of the 
Creator. 

Ours is the largest country in the World, 
over which there is absolute freedom of trade; 
consequently we adopt the surplus method of 
production, which causes our immense domes- 
tic trade; but the small country, with the less 
variety of soil and climate, must necessarily 
abandon this method, until freedom of trade is 
adopted by and between all of the nations. 

A most convincing example, confirming the 



60 The Material 

correctness of the theory here advanced has 
just come under my observation; not only ob- 
servation but actual experience. 

We, (that is the Author and his brother 
William, he always insisting on arousing the 
family at half past four in the morning, and I. 
insisting on working in the fields until sun- 
down, and the chores yet to be done,) wasted 
very little time. After thirty years of this kind 
of work we had a little money ahead; and in 
order to be sure and save it from the predatory 
trusts, corporations, captains of industry and 
bloated millionaires, we went down to the 
Grand Prairie of Arkansas and bought a piece 
of land. 

We knew all about the benefits of drainage 
and wanted a piece of flat land that could be 
drained without an expensive ditch for an out- 
let. 

We found exactly what we wanted, and for a 
fact it was a "peach" of a farm. The surround- 
ing country was fair to look upon and appeared 
to be prosperous. There were nice large nouses 
and barns, and most of them newly painted, so 
we proceeded to build as well if not better than 
the rest of them. Then we tile-drained eighty 
acres for a beginning. 

After several years of experience we were 



The Material 61 

convinced^ that, while it would grow a great 
many things, just as the land agent said it 
would, yet we could not make it grow enough 
of anything to support the renter and his family 
and pay the taxes; and there was quite a patch 
of it. 

The principal crop was oats, sown in the fall, 
September or October, but it was usually so 
dry at that time of the year that they failed to 
come up; if they came up and stood the cold 
rains of winter it was so wet and sultry at 
harvest time that it was almost impossible to 
harvest and thrash the crop; so we found it to 
be a country without either seed time or 
harvest. 

Then we tried corn, and soon found that it 
would take a man to only a few acres to keep 
the crab grass from smothering it out. 

As to live stock — first we had the buffalo 
gnats early in the spring; then the green heads; 
next came the black files and mosquitoes in 
swarms; ticks all of the time and finally the 
bone picker, a large black fly that comes late in 
the fall ; it derives its name from the fact that 
there is not much left of live stock by that time 
except the bones. 

Under the circumstances it was plain to us 
that it was not intended for a stock country. 



62 The Material 

After several years, as it was getting rather 
monotonous to send money from our Illinois 
farm to pay Arkansas taxes, and having by this 
time lost confidence in the land agent that sold 
us the land, we requested another land agent to 
tell us plainly what the land was good for. 

Said he, "I was born here, have lived here all 
my life, am now over sixty years of age, and 
know exactly what this land is good for and can 
tell you just what to do; the only way to make 
a living here is to cut prairie grass and make 
hay; so far as the land is concerned it is good to 
skin Northern suckers." 

"Now," said he, "you go and fix up your 
fences and gates, and paint the buildings so 
they will look like you are making money, and 
I will sell it for you to another Northern sucker 
and you will be out. 

That was surely an eye opener. Then it was, 
we discovered that all the newly painted houses 
were for sale or occupied by new comers. 

About this time a farmer by the name of 
William H. Fuller, near Lonoke, after spending 
several years working on rice farms in the 
vicinity of Crowley, La., returned to his 
Arkansas farm, fully convinced that it would 
grow rice. From an interesting account of Mr. 
Fuller's pioneer work in this industry in 



The Material 63 

Arkansas'in "The Southwest Trail," July, 1915, 
I take the liberty of quoting the following: 

CITIZENS OFFER $1,000 PRIZE 

So convincing was Fuller's statements that 
rice could be grown successfully in Arkansas 
that the citizens of Carlisle and Hazen finally 
offered him a reward of $1,000 if he would 
produce an average of not less than thirty-five 
bushels an acre on a seventy-five acre field. 
They gave him two years in which to meet the 
requirements. 

Fuller, without hesitation, accepted the con- 
ditions. He was to shoulder all the expenses of 
production. A committee, headed by John 
Sims and J. S. Savage of Carlisle, collected the 
money and placed it in the bank subject to 
Fuller's demand, provided he met the condi- 
tions under which it was to be his. 

Fuller again went to Crowley, to buy nec- 
essary equipment. ***** Late in the fall of 
1905 Fuller returned to Lonoke County with a 
carload of material — seed rice, drill tools, piping 
and other necessaries. That winter a well was 
sunk to a depth of 154 feet, which furnished an 
endless supply of water, the future rice field was 
plowed; levies were raised at state places and 
canals were constructed through which the 



64 The Material 

water was to be carried to the fields. ***** In 
the fall, the rich dark green gave way to a 
golden yellow, the color of ripe rice. The heavy 
heads began to droop and the crop was ready 
for the sickle. A binder was utilized and the 
field was harvested in surprisingly short time. 
***** Thousands were on hand to see the 
thrashing. It was a great victory for Fuller, 
the rice yielded 5,225 bushels from seventy 
acres, an average of almost seventy-five bushels 
to the acre, twice as much as the requirements 
of the agreement between the citizens and the 
grower. 

After visiting Mr. Fullers' farm and viewing 
his success, instead of painting the buildings 
we put in a rice plant, in the fall after the first 
day's thrashing the Author was inspired to 
write a poem. 

THE RICE OF ARKANSAS*. 
The rosy light of dawn appears, 
The hoot owl cries Who awe. Who awe, 
And rice birds sing in chorus gay 
Way down in Arkansaw. 

The crow flies o'er the ripening fields 
And cries his kaw, kaw, kaw, 
I see, says he, some rice is ripe 
Way down in Arkansaw. 

*Spelled, Arkansas, pronounced Arkansaw. 



The Material e * 

The engine hums a merry tune 
The thrasher, calls for straw, more straw; 
And rice rolls out in golden streams 
Way down in Arkansaw. 

The farmer wears a happy smile; 
In glee he laughs ha ha, haw haw; 
It seems we'll have some dollars yet 
Way down in Arkansaw. 

My folks up north are smiling too 
The boys cheer Hurrah, hurrah ; 
This letter brings a check for us 
From far off Arkansaw. 

Go bear this challenge far and wide 
And blaw your bugles blaw; 
I dare you find a spot on Earth 
That beats the rice of Arkansaw. 



Four years' experience, the Author wrote, in 
the first edition of this book has shown that the 
land that was good for nothing except to grow 
prairie grass and skin Northern suckers will 
produce on an average from sixty to eighty 
bushels of rice per acre, and the rice as it comes 
from the thrasher is worth about a dollar per 
bushel, five more years of experience does not 
suggest any change in the figures. 



66 The Material 

The first settlement was made on this land in 
1685 at Arkansas Post; (about 20 miles from 
the Author's farm) most of it has changed own- 
ers so many times that the shortest possible 
abstract of title makes a book. 

Millions of dollars have been lost by the set- 
tlers trying to make a living and find out what 
the Grand Prairie of Arkansas was good for. 

It has taken about two hundred and twenty 
vears to find that it was made to grow rice. 
Now, since the discovery, it is easy to see that 
it was intended for irrigation. 

The subsoil about two feet below the surface 
holds water like a dish. I might add that it 
holds it from coming up as well as going down, 
all farmers will know what that means in a hot, 
drv climate. 

Up to the present time we have found an 
abundance of water in less than two hundred 
feet, and there is a seed time and harvest for 
rice in Arkansas. 

This is an extreme case, both in the length of 
time and treasure required to unravel the 
hidden mysteries of nature, in other words to 
discover the unchangeable laws of the Creator, 
that ought to have been, in this case, plain to 



The Material 67 

any ordirrary observer with very little exertion 
of the brain. 

It seems it was intended that man should see, 
think, and then act ; if he fails to do this he does 
not discover the law, and gets into trouble. 

In a few years (it was said in the first edi- 
tion) the farmers of the Grand Prairie, like the 
farmers of the corn belt, cotton belt, potato 
patches, etc., will produce the surplus product, 
the crop that yields the greatest return with the 
least labor, the crop that pays the best, which 
is rice. 

In 1914 Arkansas produced 4,188,368 bushels 
of rice, worth to the growers $4,000,000. We 
hear a great deal about diversifying the crops 
in the South. Properly speaking, diversifica- 
tion, of crops, means, a rotation of crops to 
maintain the fertility of the soil so it will con- 
tinue to produce the surplus. 

While it is entirely unnecessary and may 
possibly distract the attention of the reader, yet 
if you contemplate buying land and the agent 
tells you it will grow anything you plant, be 
careful ; the Earth was not made on that plan. 

If all the newly painted houses are for sale, 
or occupied by new comers, remember, there 



68 The Material 

are predatory land agents as well as predatory 
t rusts. 

If you get into trouble you may live to get out 
as we did. or it may take two hundred and 
twenty years. 

The force and material have now been 
examined: the material is the peculiar construc- 
tion of the Earth containing or producing a 
surplus of a few commodities in every locality; 
in a word : the Surplus. 

The force, as previously stated, is the con- 
stant pressure of the selfish mainspring of 
human conduct on the common people: in a 
word. Selfishness. The force, SELFISHNESS, 
causes the advance of civilization, while the 
SURPLUS causes trade and travel which will 
make it universal. 



T 



Recapitulation 

HE Author hopes that the following 
scientific facts have been established 



First — That the Earth was created for 
mankind. 

Second — That all men have the right to life. 

Third — That all men have the right to 
liberty. 

Fourth — That all men are created equal. 

Fifth — That all men have the right to free- 
dom — Pursuit of happiness. 

Sixth — That the desires of man are limited 
only by his his knowledge and the fruits of the 
Earth.' 

Seventh — That selfishness is the prime 
motive of human conduct. 

Eighth — That the Earth produces or con- 
tains a surplus quantity of a few commodities in 
every locality. 

Since the beginning of the present civiliza- 

69 



'■" Recapitulation 

tion the principal object has been to discover 

.-.--.: e.5:i":!:r:: :;:e :ers:r.i.! rigr.:? :: rr.ir.-::r.: 
7;;r "r>.:':5 ir. : j: :~v~ ::u.r.:ry ire =:i:t: ::: :hf 
above established facts numbered- Second, 
Third, Fourth and Fifth- 

These facts simply amount to the discover) 
and application of that number of natural or 
divine laws which establish government of the 
people, when and where adopted. 

The maintenance and perpetuation of those 
laws is absolutely necessary: First in order to 
continue the present state of civilization; and 
Second ; in order to attain the higher and Una - 

=rsal Civilization of the future. 

Day after day, year after year, century after 
century, the irresistible force of the constant 
pressure of the selfish mainspring of human 
conduct on the common people has met and 
overcome the selfishness of those at the top 
(who have always opposed the progress of civ- 
ilization) and have transmitted to us the undis- 
puted right to life, liberty, equality and free- 
dom ; they are the first four columns of the Unt- 
il Civilization ; they are plainly based upon 
:'/ ■: :-:: : f::: : r. -hi: :ht Lir:h -vi? :rti:ti ::r 
mankind. They have been placed upon the 
.is::r.^ : ■_::: :i:: :r. ": y :ht *::!•: t in: '.:.- r.vrr: 
bv the cannon and the musket, by the carnage 



Recapitulation ?! 

of war and the tortures of the inquisition, by the 
blood of the martyrs and the heroes of a thou- 
sand battles; they represent the most valuable 
inheritance of those now living from those who 
have gone before; and make it possible for us 
and our posterity to continue the work and 
complete the structure, in a less barbarous and 
more civilized manner, simply by the force of 
public opinion expressed by the ballot. 

Let us then lay away the implements of war, 
death and destruction and never bring them 
forth again except in defense of our sacred in- 
heritance, the right to life, liberty, equality and 
freedom; these have been won by the sword, 
and it is in their defense alone that we are 
justified in ever again withdrawing it from the 
scabbard. 

With the exception of the freedom of trade, 
with all countries, which is a personal right of 
mankind and almost made compulsory if we 
wish to enjoy the fruits of the Earth and pros- 
perity, resulting from the surplus method of 
production, the question from now on is not a 
question of liberty or personal rights, at least 
in our own country, but it is a question of prop- 
ertv or the right of mankind to the fruits of the 
Earth. 

When the Creator said (Genesis 8:22): 



12 Recapitulation 

"While the Earth remaineth, seedtime and 
harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and 
winter, and day and night shall not cease,'' He 
knew that the law of the attraction of gravita- 
tion was in full force and effect and would so 
continue for all time. 

With the same confidence He says : (Genesis 
9:3), "Even as the green herb have I given you 
all things.'' He also knew that He had made 
the laws that would carry out that intention. 

He had made the desires of man limited only 
by the fruits of the Earth. 

He had made the Earth to contain or produce 
the surplus and He had made the selfish main- 
spring of human conduct, the combined action 
of which has produced the present state of civ- 
ilization. 

To give security to the work so far accom- 
plished and carry out the intention, "Even as 
the green herb have I given you all things," 
other columns are yet to be constructed, by the 
same force and material that have done the 
work so far accomplished, and will eventually 
complete the construction of the Universal Civ- 
ilization. 

It is not the intention of the Author to look 



Recapitulation 73 

for a needle in a hay stack or present any long 
winded theories. 

The only object is to discover the natural 
laws or institutions necessary to maintain gov- 
ernment of the people and at the same time 
carry out the intention of the Creator, that 
mankind should have and enjoy the fruits of the 
Earth; these laws were made for the common 
people, consequently they are simple and easily 
understood, not the least complicated, when 
discovered and applied, will not need any gov- 
ernment control or tinkering of any kind. 



Diagram Showing 
Construction of 

the Fifth Column 




Private Ownership of the Earth and 
Business 



74 



Private Ownership 75 

THE PRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF THE LAND IN 
LARGE TRACTS CAUSES INEQUALITY, 
' HELPS TO SUPPORT THE ARISTOCRACY 
AND THE KINGDOM. 

IN SMALL TRACTS, LARGE ENOUGH TO IN- 
SURE ECONOMICAL PRODUCTION, 
PREVENTS THE UNEQUAL DISTRIBU- 
TION OF WEALTH AND POWER AND 
HELPS TO SUPPORT GOVERNMENT OF 
THE PEOPLE. 

THE BUSINESS OF TRADE, WHICH IS A VERY 
IMPORTANT PART OF THE GIFT OF THE 
CREATOR TO MANKIND, SHOULD ALSO 
BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT NEC- 
ESSARY FOR THE ECONOMICAL DISTRI- 
BUTION OF THE PRODUCT. 



CONSTRUCTION OF THE FIFTH COLUMN 



The Private Ownership 

of the Land and 

Business 

ALL movements resulting in the progress 
of civilization, from barbarism to the 
present time, have originated and been 
fought out by the common people. 

As it has been in the past so will it continue 
to be in the future, except the leaders of the 
future will very probably be farmers. 

There are two good reasons why this 
expectation should be realized. 

First — The free rural delivery of the mails 
will greatly facilitate and increase the diffusion 
of knowledge among the farmers and will cause 
them to take a more active and intelligent in- 
terest in public affairs; in addition to this the 
rural telephone furnishes means of instant com- 
munication with each other, thereby knitting 
them more closely together and obliterating the 
jangles and jealousies of the past. 

76 



Private Ownership 77 

Second — in the olden times, before the use of 
complicated machinery became universal, those 
engaged in manufacture had time to think, but 
now the workingmen engaged in every indus- 
try except farming must give their undivided 
attention to their work; a little slip of the 
memory would probably result in death or per- 
manent disability, or in some occupations, dis- 
aster, causing the death and injury of many 
innocent people and great financial loss. 

With the farmer it is different : after the team 
is hitched to the plow he throws the lines over 
his back and is at once inspired to think. 

At least the Author can say truly that it was 
the plow handle that inspired him to write this 
book. 

Long years ago the plan of the book, the only 
foundation upon which to build the Universal 
Civilization, and the columns or institutions 
necessary to maintain and carry out the inten- 
tion of the Creator that all mankind should 
have and enjoy the fruits of the Earth, were 
derived from the inspiration of the plow handle. 

After forty years of working and thinking on 
the farm, doing all kinds of work, anything that 
every farmer does, from a renter to a land 
owner, it is my honest conviction that thinking 



78 Private Ownership 

is no disadvantage to a farmer, financially, 
bodily or mentally. 

It soon becomes a pleasure to think; the hard 
and disagreeable job is done before you know 
it; the long hot day in harvest passes over like a 
summer cloud; the long lonesome ride in the 
drizzling rain and mud is finished and you do 
not think of it as disagreeable. 

It is not always to the best interest of the 
farmer to think about making money; on our 
shoulders in a great measure rests government 
of the people, and on its maintenance depends 
the onward march of civilization. 

The ownership of the land and rent have been 
discussed at great length by various writers on 
Political Economy, without arriving, so far as 
known to the author or the common people at 
any definite conclusion. 

While it is known that certain laws and in- 
stitutions in regard to the ownership of the 
land are necessary in order to maintain the 
Aristocracy and the Kingdom; the Autocracy 
and the Czar, yet it has not so far been discov- 
ered what is necessary in this respect to main- 
tain government of the people. 

As we now know positively that the right to 
life, liberty, equality and freedom are absolutely 



Private Ownership 79 

necessary to establish government of the 
people, We may be equally positive that the law 
was made in regard to the private ownership of 
the Earth that will maintain that system of 
government. 

If the author fails to discover this law, some- 
one will discover it either before or after it is 
applied; then it will be evident that it does its 
work with the same precision as the law of 
gravitation holds the Earth in its orbit, either 
discovered or undiscovered. 

Copernicus, it will be remembered, failed to 
discover the law of gravitation, but his failure 
did not affect the law in the least. 

We, the two of us, who had the experience 
with the predatory land agents in Arkansas, 
happen to be the fortunate owners of two 
farms, one of them Illinois corn land, the other 
Arkansas rice land, over twelve hundred acres 
in all. 

The question arises: can it be possible this 
land was created for us ? Surely not is the only 
answer. 

A deed may, on its face, convey the land to an 
individual, his heirs and assigns, for all time, 
but in reality it conveys only the right to farm 



^ Priwte Ownership 

or develop its resources, for the benefit of man- 
kind, during good behavior. 

The farmer's prosperity and ability to make a 
living and pay the taxes depend entirely upon 
e-s in making the farm produce the 
greatest possible return. 

The selfish mainspring of human conduct 
our own country, where we have freedom of 
trade between all the States ) compels us to 
divide the production of farm products accord- 
ing to the soil and climate, the farmers of each 
locality confining their labor and capital to the 
production of the crop or commodity, or rota- 
tion of crops, that yields the greatest return : in 
other words the selfish mainspring compels us 
to produce the surplus. 

The farmers of the United States can produce 
a fair living on their own farms with the excep- 
tion of salt but they have discovered that the 
soil and climate of their farms will produce only 
a few commodities with regularity and abun- 
dance. 

For illustration: Suppose A has a farm in the 
corn belt of Illinois and B has a farm in the 
wheat belt of Minnesota. 

The land that A has will produce 50 bu. of 
corn to the acre and 10 bu. wheat: the land B 



Private Ownership 81 

has will produce 30 bu. of wheat to the acre and 
10 bu. of corn. There is a tariff wall between 
the two farms to protect the people of each 
State from poverty; that compels A to grow 
wheat on 100 acres of his farm and corn on the 
other 100 acres he owns, which is the size of 
each farm; likewise this same tariff wall com- 
pels B to grow corn on 100 acres and wheat on 
the other 100 acres. 

Now suppose the people make a little use of 
their brain and demolish the tariff wall, natural- 
ly, the selfish desire of these two farmers to 
use their labor and capital in the most pro- 
ductive manner will cause A to grow 200 acres 
of corn and B to grow 200 acres of wheat, then 
we have the following: 

SUMMARY 

Bushels 
Without tariff walls A produces corn .... 10,000 
Without tariff walls B produces wheat. . 6,000 



Total 16,000 

Bushels 
corn wheat 

With tariff walls A produces .5000 1000 

With tariff walls B produces 1000 3000 

Total 6000 4000 

Total wheat and corn 10,000 bu. 



82 Private Ownership 

Increase, caused by Free Trade and the produc- 
tion of the Surplus on 400 acres 6,000 bu. 

We, the farmers, have no combinations to 
restrict production to hire our labor for less 
than it is worth, or to sell our products for more 
than they are worth. 

We have for many years submitted to the in- 
justice of tariff taxes, levied for the sole benefit 
of the predatory trusts and corporations, and 
vet dispose of our own products under the com- 
petitive system, not only competing with each 
other but also as hereinafter will be shown, 
competing with the farmers of the whole world. 

Under this system the demand and the sup- 
ply fixes the price; the individual owner has 
little to say ; whether he says little or much, his 
influence on the market price is as a drop of 
water compared to the ocean. 

The correctness of this reasoning being in- 
disputable, then it follows that mankind is not 
injured by the private ownership of land in 
small tracts. The selfish mainspring, as 
provided by the Creator, compels us to produce 
the surplus ; when the day comes that we have 
to sell it we discover that we are only working 
for mankind. 

The law of competition, which is the only law 



Private Ownership 83 

provided by the Creator for the transaction of 
business'by the individual, overcomes the in- 
equality of the private ownership and provides 
the fruits of the Earth, under the surplus 
method of production, in the largest quantities, 
at the lowest prices, or least exertion. 

We are now seeking for the law pertaining to 
the ownership of the Earth — a law which will 
perpetuate or at least help to maintain govern- 
ment of the people and, at the same time carry 
out the intention of the Creator: "Even as the 
green herb have I given you all things/' 

The ownership of the Earth, by individuals, 
perpetually limited to small tracts, sufficiently 
large, however, to insure the economical pro- 
duction of the various commodities to satisfy 
the desires, evidently fulfills both requirements 
as above stated, consequently is the natural law, 
or the law provided by the Creator for the own- 
ership of the soil whereby mankind should have 
and enjoy the fruits of the Earth. 

The ownership of the land gives stability to 
the government ; in small tracts to government 
of the people, and perpetuates liberty; in large 
tracts to Monarchy, and temporarily upholds 
that system of government which must inevit- 
ably fall for the simple reason that the Creator 
made no laws to establish or perpetuate it. 



84 Private Ownership 

The safety of government of the people de- 
pends in a great measure upon the distribution 
of wealth; therefore the greater the number of 
individuals who have homes, farms and busi- 
ness of their own the better it is for all. 

Tenant farmers may be very good citizens, 
but it is contrary to their welfare and the wel- 
fare of mankind in general for the land to be 
owned in large tracts, and is especially danger- 
ous to government of the people; therefore it 
cannot be tolerated. 

In regard to the amount of land that one in- 
dividual should be allowed to own in any local- 
ity, the size of the surrounding farms, or the 
size of farms occupied by tenants, would be an 
excellent guide to establish the proper amount 
of land for one to own in that locality to insure 
economical production. 

When it is discovered that an individual 
owns enough to make two or more such farms, 
all of them but one, after due notice, giving the 
owner sufficient time to sell or dispose of it at 
private sale — he failing to do this — should be 
sold at public auction. 

At the present time there would be great in- 
justice in this proceeding, but under the natural 
law provided for the ownership and operation 



Private Ownership 86 

of the Public Utilities, which will first be in full 
force ancTeffect, there will be no object in hold- 
ing % large tracts of land and there w T ill be no in- 
justice in using force to prevent it. 

This being the natural or scientific law 
provided by the Creator applying to the owner- 
ship of farm lands, it also applies to the owner- 
ship of city lots and timber lands, the deeds to 
those are no better than the deeds to farm lands 
and should also be limited to the amount nec- 
essary to insure economical production and 
economical transaction of the business. 

The oil, coal, iron, copper, lead and ether 
minerals were also made for mankind, this busi- 
ness of mining cannot be carried on under the 
competitive system, therefore comes under the 
head of Public Utilities and should be per- 
formed by the government for the benefit of all. 
As to the production of gold and silver, the 
price of the product is fixed by the government 
and the amount produced should be governed 
by the law of supply and demand. 

The business of trade, made compulsory by 
the surplus plan of production, should also be 
limited to the amount necessary to insure the 
economical distribution of the product. 

The Creator made the Earth to produce the 



86 Private Ownership 

surplus. He evidently knew it would cause 
trade; consequently trade is a very important 
part of the gift of the creator to mankind. It is 
no injustice, only restoring stolen property, to 
prevent monopoly in the ownership either of 
the Earth or Trade. 

A word to the wise ought to be sufficient; 
monopolist, read up on the causes that led to 
the decay of Roman power, the French revolu- 
tion and the present revolution in Mexico. 

The only thing not yet considered pertain- 
ing to the construction of this column is the 
falling waters. 

After the coal, gas and oil are exhausted it 
will be found that the force of falling water, for 
the generation and diffusion of power and heat. 
is the most valuable single gift of the Creator to 
man. 

In order to prevent the possible monopolizing 
of this gift, all water rights should be declared 
"Public Utilities" and operated by the govern- 
ment for the benefit of the people. 

While coal, gas, oil, iron, etc., are found 
in large quantities, yet the supply is not in- 
exhaustible and there are no provisions of 
nature, so far as known, to replenish the supply. 



Private Ownership 87 

However, there are natural provisions made 
to perpetuate the same amount of water; con- 
sequently, the streams will always continue to 
flow and the force of falling water will continue 
for all time for light, heat and all purposes 
where power is required. 

The object of the Author, as previously 
stated, is to discover the laws provided by the 
Creator for the maintenance and perpetuation 
of government of the people and at the same 
time carry out His intention that mankind 
should have and enjoy the fruits of the Earth. 

To limit the private ownership of the Earth 
to the amount necessary for economical produc- 
tion of the products of agriculture and other 
business of production, that can be carried on 
under the competitive system, and also limit 
the ownership of the business of distribution to 
the amount necessary for its economic transac- 
tion, evidently fulfills both requirements; that 
is, helps to perpetuate government of the people 
and also provides the fruits of the Earth in the 
largest quantities, at the lower price, or least 
exertion. 

This the Fifth column of the Universal Civ- 
ilization, is in course of construction in all coun- 
tries, and the selfish mainspring of human con- 
duct may be depended upon to complete the 
work. 



Diagram Showing 
Construction of 

the Sixth Column 




Competition 

88 



Competition 89 

COMPETITION IS THE ONLY LAW PROVIDED 
BY THE CREATOR FOR THE TRANSAC- 
TION OF THE BUSINESS OF PRODUC- 
TION AND DISTRIBUTION BY INDIVID- 
UALS. 

IT IS INTENDED TO OVERCOME THE IN- 
EQUALITY OF THE PRIVATE OWNER- 
SHIP OF THE EARTH AND BUSINESS AND 
PROVIDE THE FRUITS OF THE EARTH 
TO ALL, AT THE LOWEST PRICE, OR 
LEAST EXERTION. 



p 



CONSTRUCTION OF THE SIXTH COLUMN 

Competition 

ROBABLY the best place to get a fair 
understanding of Universal Competition 
would be the Board of Trade in Chicago. 



In the smoking room we rind several large 
blackboards covered with figures. It would be 
monotonous and unnecessary to give a copy of 
all we see : only a few of the figures from one or 
two of the boards will be sufficient for our 
purpose: 

FOREIGN MARKETS 

English country markets Easier 

French country markets Weak 

LIVERPOOL OFF COAST CARGOES 

Wheat Quiet 

Corn Easy 

LOXDOX 

Wheat - Easy 

Corn Quiet 

Liverpool rec'd, 3 davs. wheat 352,000; last 
report 368.000. 



Competition 91 

American Wheat 208,000; last report 136,000. 

American Corn 203,000; last report 56,000. 

- LIVERPOOL IN STORE 
Wheat 2,584,000 ; last report 2,744,000. 

Corn 902,000; last report 975,000. 

Feb. 9, 1908. 

Liverpool Spot .... Wheat 8-12 

Liverpool Spot Wheat, No. 2 red 8-3 

Liverpool Spot .... Wheat, Northern. . . .8-52 
Liverpool Spot .... Wheat, Laplatta. . . .S-3y 2 

Liverpool Spot .... Corn, American 5-62 

Liverpool Spot .... Corn, Laplatta .5-9 

Liverpool Spot .... Flour, first spring pat .30-6 

LIVERPOOL BACON 

Sort Clear Sides 481 

Cumberland Cut 441 

Hams, American Cut 46,16 

Lard Refined .48,16 

ANTWERP 

Red Winter Wheat afloat 23,25 

Laplatta Wheat afloat 22,25 

LIVERPOOL FUTURE MARKETS 

Wheat, March 71}4 

Wheat, May 71% 

Corn, March 5-5% 

Corn, May 5-5% 



92 Competition 

IMPORTS INTO UNITED KINGDOM 

Wheat, 1,848,000; Previous report 2,432,000. 

Flour, 150,000; Previous report 104,000. 

Corn, 1,032,000; Previous report 1,734,000. 

* This is only a fair sample of the foreign 
market conditions wired from all over the 
world every morning. 

On another large board are shown the tem- 
perature and rainfall in every locality all over 
the United States and Canada, for the last 
twenty-four hours. 

On another board are shown the closing 
prices of the day before, also the amount of the 
various commodities in sight, in store and 
afloat, compared with the same day the week 
before and the same day last year. 

In addition to the blackboards covered with 
market news and statistics there are several in- 
struments, called tickers, printing the market 
news on long strips of paper: a sample of which 
follows: 

TOTAL CANADIAN VISIBLE 

Wheat today 19,641,000 

Wheat year ago 15,950,000 

Wheat Increase 3.691,000 



Competition 93 

UNITED STATES VISIBLE 

Wheat today 53,505,000 

Wheat year ago 47,940,000 

Wheat Increase 5,565,000 

TOTAL AMERICAN VISIBLE 

Wheat today 73,096,000 

Wheat year ago 63,890,000 

Wheat Increase 9,206,000 

Corn today 12,421,000 

Corn year ago 14,851,000 

Corn Decrease 2,430,000 

TOTAL EUROPEAN VISIBLE 

Wheat today 66,100,000 

Wheat year ago 80,600,000 

Wheat Decrease 14,500,000 

TOTAL WORLD'S VISIBLE 

Feb. 9, 1908 

Wheat today 139,196,000 

Wheat year ago 144,490,000 

Wheat Decrease 5,294,000 

ESTIMATES FOR TOMORROW 
Wheat 28 cars ; Corn 164 cars ; Oats 125 cars. 
Hogs 36,000; Cattle 31,000; Sheep 15,000. 

TOTAL CLEARANCES 
Wheat today 90,920; year ago 31,900. 



94 Competition 

Corn today 382,000 ; year ago 139,451. 

Oats today, 12 ; year ago none. 

Flour today 40,451 Bbls. ; year ago 8,677. 

Wheat and Flour 272.149 Bu. ; vear ago 
70.447. 

OUTSIDE MARKETS 

N. V. May Wheat S1.14^ 8 

St. L. May Wheat 1.08^ 

Kan. City May Wheat 1.02% 

Minneapolis May Wheat 1.09^4 

Duluth May Wheat 1.09# 

Winnipeg May Wheat 1.05^ 

MINNEAPOLIS MARKET 
D. F. Johnson of Minneapolis wires Shearson 
Hammill : Blizzard all over North West ; coun- 
try receipts very light and terminal receipts 
small ; stocks decrease 25,000, for three days. 

Mills report good domestic dour sales, for the 
present this market will be governed by Chi- 
cago May; for a long pull we look to see a 
strong legitimate situation in the North West. 

ARGENTINE WHEAT 
New York wires: Argentine wheat ship- 
ments to Antwerp, Feb. and March. 2 l / 2 higher 
than vesterdav. 



Competition 95 

GRAIN MARKETS SUMMARY 

Feb. 9, 1908 
Wheat market has shown a fairly firm tone 
this morning, gaining about ]/2 cent, with best 
buying in July. May has lost the advance on 
continual selling by Patten house. 

Labor strike reported at Rosario, Argentine. 
Further reduction in estimate of exportable 
surplus. 

Strength in Antwerp market which is up 1% 
on spot and 2 l / 2 on forward shipment. 

Cold weather in Kansas with little or no 
snow has been the factor causing steady tone 
here. 

World's visible was a little bearish, increase 
being 3,415,000 for the week, against an in- 
crease of 2,106,000 last year. 

Total world's visible 5,300,000 under last 
year. 

Roumania — There has been a general fall of 
snow and the outlook for the wheat crop is 
satisfactory. 

Bulgaria, Italy, Spain — The outlook for the 
crop continues favorable. 



96 Competition 

Argentine — There are continuous complaints 
of disappointing thrashing returns. 

North Africa — The outlook for the crop con- 
tinues fair. 

BERLIN MARKET 

Broomhall cables — Offerings in this market 
are slightly higher, with demand quiet, owing 
to expected heavy receipts. 

Antwerp cables — That there is a good de- 
mand for Laplatta wheat afloat, which is 
quoted at $/g advance. 

WEEKLY FOREIGN CROP CONDITIONS 

Broomhall cables — Crop conditions for week 
are as follows: 

United Kingdom — The weather and the crop 
outlook continue favorable; supplies smaller; 
holders are firm. 

France — The outlook for the crop continues 
favorable; surplus somewhat larger; market 
firm under a good demand. 

Germany — Weather favorable, being colder, 
with an abundance of snow; native supplies 
light and holders strong. 

Russia — There has been additional snow fall 



Competition 97 

in the southern regions and the outlook has 
improved. 

Hungary — The cold weather has been fol- 
lowed by a thaw and there is no improvement; 
outlook unfavorable. 

India — Merchants are not offering wheat. 

Closing Budapest cables — Wheat closing ^ 
higher than yesterday. 

W. G. Press and Co. — Would watch the 
foreign situation and home crop news; either 
one may start good buying. 

Argentine corn damage — Broomhall cables 
— Locusts have done and are doing great dam- 
age to the crop along the line of the Pacific 
Western Railway, and more than half of the 
crop has been eaten. 

St. Louis wires — Cash wheat strong; good 
demand; No. 2 red $1.20 to $1.22; cash corn */ 2 
higher; No. 2 corn 62 cts., good demand. 

Peoria wires — Cash corn % higher; No. 3, 62 
cts. ; receipts for 24 hours were 24 cars. 

This is only a fair sample of the market news 
and conditions that the tickers continue to fur- 
nish during the day. 



98 Competition 

At 9:30 the Board commences business with 
a roar equal to the noise of a passing train. The 
traders have orders to fill from all over the 
world ; some to sell and some to buy. There are 
several hundred men in the room gathered on 
and around four circular platforms or walks 
about two feet high and three wide, probably, 
twenty to thirty feet in diameter. Steps lead 
up to the circular walks and others in the inside, 
down to the floor. This arrangement is called 
the PIT; there are four pits in the room — one 
for wheat traders, one for corn, one for oats 
and one for pork. 

All of the men seem to be yelling as loud as 
possible, some of them making signs with their 
fingers; boys are running in every direction 
with small pieces of paper. We cannot under- 
stand a word that is said and might look on all 
day and not have the least idea whether the 
price of wheat went up or down. However, 
every change of an eighth of a cent per bushel is 
marked up on a blackboard. A large part of 
this business is legitimate and beneficial; 
another large part of it is transacted for the 
purpose of creating a temporary monopoly in 
some commodity for a future delivery. 

This is called running a corner, squeezing the 
shorts, shearing the lambs; it does not make 
any difference what it is called; it simply 



Competition 99 

amounts to a temporary monopoly and should 
be prevented because it injures the markets and 
prevents ~the free exchange of the surplus 
products of agriculture on a competitive basis, 
consequently is an injury both to the producer 
and the consumer. 

This kind of trading could be easily pre- 
vented without the least injustice to any one by 
enforcing a law making it a criminal offense for 
any one to sell, or offer for sale, any farm prod- 
uce that he does not own. So long as the gov- 
ernment allows the "Bears" to sell millions of 
bushels of farm products that they do not own, 
in fact that are not in existence, it is very fortu- 
nate for the producer and the consumer that we 
have such men as James A. Patten and the 
Bartlett-Frazier firm to buy it and give the 
''Bears" an occasional Squeeze to make them a 
little cautious about selling things they do not 
own. 

x\fter the opening excitement is over the 
traders quiet down and it is safe for a stranger, 
provided he has a ticket, to go into the trading- 
room. 

The samples from the cars of grain received 
during the last twenty-four hours have arrived. 

On one side of the room are a large number 
of tables ; here the small sacks of grain repre- 



100 Competition 

senting the car loads for sale are on exhibition; 
if there is a large amount on sale, or more than 
expected, the buyers may be able to force a 
decline ; if only a small amount is on sale, or less 
than expected, the sellers may demand and 
receive higher prices. The men that attend to 
this business keep themselves informed on 
every possible thing that can have the least in- 
fluence on the market. 

This is competition, the natural law of trade, 
in other words the law provided by the Creator 
for the exchange of the surplus products of in- 
dustry and the transaction of all business 
between individuals : the produce of farmers 
thousands of miles apart have met in open com- 
petition and have also met the competition of 
the farmers of the whole world. Millions of 
bushels of our farm products have to be export- 
ed; importing countries have buyers on the 
Board of Trade of every important market cen- 
ter throughout the world, each one trying to 
buy at the lowest price. 

It does not make any difference to us farmers, 
in any part of the world, whether labor is 
twelve cents per day or two dollars per day, and 
there is no use of making investigations in 
foreign countries to determine whether it costs 
more to produce agricultural products in one 
place or another; the cost varies in every local- 



Competition 101 

ity probably as much as the difference between 
twelve cents and two dollars per day for labor; 
but vthis fact still remains, that all countries 
have to do business, in food products, most of 
the time, under the competitive system. 

It is the hope of the author to convince every 
farmer, in our own country, at least, before this 
book is finished, that so far as he is concerned, 
our so called protective tariff is a snare and a 
delusion, and if the great business of producing 
and distributing farm products, by all odds, the 
largest and most successful business of the 
world, can be transacted under a world-wide 
competitive system, without any government 
regulation, without panics, always enough, 
never too much, no trouble, except what is 
caused by the temporary monopolies of the 
Roard of Trade and the incessant tinkering of 
incompetent law-makers then it would seem 
that all the business of the world, so far as 
possible, should be transacted on the same 
basis. 

When we consider that there is not food 
enough at any time to feed the people for six 
months we are apt to think that the first object 
of government should be looking after the pro- 
duction of food. The farmers might get tired, 
or go on a strike and take a six months' lay off 
at the same time, or they might not sow the 



102 Competition 

right amount of wheat and oats or plant the 
right amount of corn and potatoes, or white 
beans; they might forget to raise any straw- 
berries or other fruits and berries; and the old 
ladies might sell all their hens so we would have 
no eggs. 

However, there is no use to worry about this ; 
the farmers can be depended upon, if competi- 
tion is enforced and there is money and trans- 
portation to make the exchange, to furnish the 
right amount of everything at all times to feed 
all the people of the Earth, even the old ladies 
thousands of miles apart, without any associa- 
tions, without any possible means for each to 
know what others are doing, will come nearer 
to furnishing the right amount of eggs to sup- 
ply the demand of all of the people of the Earth 
than the educated bankers, with their associa- 
tions and meetings and laws and government 
control, will come to furnishing the right 
amount of money, at all times, to make the nec- 
essary exchanges. The bankers' scheme of 
money fails simply because it is not based upon 
the natural law, while the old ladies' scheme of 
furnishing eggs does not fail because it is based 
upon the natural law — except w T here it is in- 
fringed upon by foolish tariff taxes. 

Law makers, at different times and different 
places, have undertaken to regulate things and 



Competition 10S 

do business better than it could be done under 
the competitive system; they have fixed the 
wages of labor; they have fixed the price of 
commodities; they have set the day when the 
farmers should plant and harvest; they have 
made high tariffs, and sliding tariffs, and low 
tariffs; and maximum and minimum tariffs; 
they have given monopolies to individuals, and 
allowed corporations to unite and make 
monopolies, in fact, if not in law, and then pre- 
tended to regulate them; after all they have 
never done any good but have done a vast 
amount of harm; all of their schemes that have 
not fallen and been forgotten are now in a de- 
caying condition and will soon be overthrown 
by the selfish mainspring of human conduct, 
and this column of our structure COMPETI- 
TION — the natural law of trade, will be firmly 
based on the foundation of the Universal Civ- 
ilization. 

The fifth column, or the limited private own- 
ership of the land and business, is now shown 
to be correct because the sixth column, which 
is evidently the natural or Divine law of trade, 
restores the apparent inequality of the private 
ownership of the land and gives to mankind the 
fruits of the Earth at the lowest price, in the 
greatest quantity and least exertion. 



Diagram Showing 
Construction of 

Seventh Column 




Money 

104 



Money 105 

THE PRESENT FINANCIAL SYSTEM IS TOO 
COMPLICATED FOR THE COMMON 
PEOPLE TO UNDERSTAND, WHICH IS 
CONCLUSIVE PROOF THAT IT IS NOT 
BASED UPON THE NATURAL LAW AND 
WILL HAVE TO BE ABANDONED. 

THE CREATOR PROVIDED GOLD AND SIL- 
VER IN SUFFICIENT QUANTITIES OUT OF 
WHICH TO MAKE MONEY FOR THE 
TRANSACTION OF ALL NECESSARY BUSI- 
NESS AND PAY THE INTERNATIONAL 
BALANCES. 

THE PEOPLE WILL FIND AND PROVIDE THE 
RIGHT AMOUNT OF GOLD AND SILVER; 
ALL THE GOVERNMENT NEEDS TO DO IS 
TO COIN THE MONEY AND FOR THE CON- 
VENIENCE OF THE PEOPLE PROVIDE AN 
EQUAL AMOUNT OF PAPER CERTIF- 
ICATES. 



CONSTRUCTION OF THE SEVENTH COLUMN 



Money 



AFTER the fall of the Roman Empire, re- 
sulting in a period of ignorance known as 
"The Dark Ages" the Clergy alone knew 
how to read and write, consequently they had 
a monopoly of knowledge and used it for the 
temporal benefit of the church and for the per- 
petuation of their own power. 

The Clergy were opposed to the increase of 
knowledge and used their power to prevent its 
diffusion among the people. 

This monopoly of the Clergy was the first 
monopoly that attempted to block the progress 
of the present civilization ; others have followed 
and still exist; while they are all bad none of 
them so far have been able to inflict so much 
misery upon the human race as the first one, 
which indicates that a monopoly of knowledge 
is the worst of the species. 

At the present time we are informed that the 
financial question is too complicated for the 
people to understand, therefore it should be left 
to the bankers and captains of finance. 



106 



Money 107 

It is safe to say if the bankers or any profes- 
sion are given power they will do exactly the 
same as the clergy did, that is, they will trample 
under foot the rights and liberties of the people 
so long as they can keep them in ignorance.* 

For convenience in making the necessary 
exchanges and distribution of the fruits of the 
Earth to individuals so all can be served at all 
times in quantities desired, also for the settle- 
ment of differences between nations, it is nec- 
essary to have money. 

If this important part of the means or 
machinery required for the distribution of the 
Surplus products of the Earth had been omitted 
by the Creator, then there would be reasonable 
grounds upon which to base arguments object- 
ing to my proposition that He made the laws to 
carry out His intention that all mankind should 
have and enjoy the fruits of the Earth. 

However, money or the material out of which 
to make it was not left out ; gold and silver were 
provided in sufficient quantity for that purpose. 

If law-makers had simply provided for the 
coinage of the gold and silver and, for the 
further convenience of the people, provided 

*See Note 2. 



108 Money 

paper certificates representing an equal amount 
of coin dollars held in government vaults, then 
the people would have furnished the proper 
amount of money at all times to transact all the 
business of all the people of the Earth. 

This discussion about financial legislation is 
on an equality of the TWADDLE of protection 
from poverty by tariff taxes. 

The so called Captains of Finance want to 
continue their monopoly of financial knowl- 
edge for their own power and wealth; they 
want to continue to deceive the people and get 
something for nothing. Get interest on their 
own promises to pay in gold, knowing they 
have less than one dollar in gold to redeem 
three dollars in paper. 

They have associations, hold meetings, issue 
paper money and paper notes redeemable in 
this and redeemable in that, regulate the 
amount, require government aid and supervis- 
ion, and we have a panic, or the complete failure 
of their financial system, about once in ten 
years, with the result that all business is thrown 
out of gear, everybody injured more or less, and 
the unfortunate starved. Without going into 
particulars, I am convinced that the capital of 
all the banks in the United States, at the 



Money 109 

present time is not enough to pay all the loss to 
depositors caused by bank failures. 

Almostall good laws are those repealing old 
ones and restoring natural conditions. In plac- 
ing this column of our structure on the Founda- 
tion of the Universal Civilization it is not nec- 
essary to unsettle business or make any radical 
changes in prices — as the gold and silver is 
offered for coinage the paper money can be 
withdrawn and destroyed; the coin dollar or 
coin certificate will take the place of the paper 
promise-to-pay dollars, and when all of the 
paper dollars are destroyed we shall have the 
right amount of money, simply because the 
amount will be controlled by the law of supply 
and demand, which is a natural or Divine law 
made by the Creator to give us the right 
amount of the various products to be ex- 
changed. 

As previously stated, the natural laws pro- 
vided by the Creator for the maintenance of 
government of the people and the production 
and distribution of the fruits of the Earth are 
all simple and easily understood, so do not 
require any government tinkering or regula- 
tion; as to slavery, no man was born to be the 
slave of another; as to religion, every one has 
the right to his own religious opinion; as to 
money, coin the gold and silver and the law of 



110 Money 

supply and demand will furnish the right 
amount. 

A question is difficult to understand or an 
institution does not work well and requires 
continual regulation and government control 
simply because a certain class of the people are 
benefited or their power extended by delaying 
the application of the natural law. Note the 
many bad laws, court decisions and com- 
promises we had before the abolition of slavery, 
as a war measure. 

This argument of the bankers and captains 
of industry that the financial question is too 
complicated for the people to understand is the 
same old argument, probably first used by the 
Clergy way back in the tenth century and in 
use ever since; it amounts to an assertion that 
the voters do not know how to make laws to 
perpetuate government of the people, and the 
Creator did not know how to make laws to 
carry out his intention : "Even as the green 
herb have I given you all things." 

Any law or institution necessary for the wel- 
fare of mankind, or necessary for the perpetua- 
tion of government of the people, that is too 
complicated for the voters to understand is not 
a natural or scientific law and will have to be 
abolished. 



Money ill 

The many complications, endless laws, bank 
failures resulting in great financial loss to 
depositors, government regulation and control 
and^he periodical panics of the present financial 
system are enough to condemn it, while the 
simplicity of the natural law will cause its uni- 
versal adoption. 

We cannot have the Universal Civilization 
without a universal system of money, which 
can only be gold and silver, and the amount 
regulated by the law of supply and demand. 

After a few more financial panics the com- 
bined selfishness of the common people will 
place this column on the foundation of the Uni- 
versal Civilization; then the World will have 
only one kind of money, which will be gold 
and silver coined by the various governments 
and, for the further convenience of the people, 
paper certificates, representing an equal 
amount of dollars held in government vaults. 

This financial system, it is safe to say, can 
be easily understood by the people, and we will 
have the right amount of money with the same 
certainty that we have the right amount of 
white beans. 



Diagram Showing 
Construction of 

Eight Column 



rand 



f and 



M 


1 


F ttxudM \ 

2 e\ 




4 


3 7 j 


M 


5 


r andM / 



Freedom of Trade 

>)2 



Freedom of Trade 113 

ALL TARIFF LAWS ARE TOO COMPLICATED 
FOR THE COMMON PEOPLE TO UNDER- 
STAND, CONSEQUENTLY THEY WILL 
SOON BE ABOLISHED. 

THE SO-CALLED PROTECTIVE TARIFFS OF 
THE VARIOUS NATIONS OF THE EARTH 
ARE THE DIRECT CAUSE OF WAR AND 
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE VAST SUMS 
EXPENDED FOR ARMIES AND NAVIES 
AND WAR. 



Freedom of Trade 

IT has been shown that the desires of man are 
limited only by the fruits (commodities) of 
the entire Earth; that the Earth produces 
or contains a surplus quantity of a few com- 
modities in every locality; that the selfish main- 
spring of human conduct compels us to produce 
the surplus ; that gold and silver were provided 
by the Creator, out of which to make money in 
sufficient quantities to transact the business 
of trade and settle international balances. 

It might be added that this method of pro- 
duction — that is the production of the surplus 
— has caused the construction of roads, rail- 
roads, canals and all other means of transporta- 
tion to carry the surplus products from the 
place produced to the place of consumption ; 
also the inland towns and cities of our country 
are made possible and derive their prosperity 
from the fact that we have absolute freedom of 
trade by and between all of the states. 

All tariff laws are complicated ; they cannot 
be understood by the common people; they are 

114 



Freedom of Trade H5 

the result of bargain and sale, compromise and 
dishonesty to the people; they are not scientific, 
therefore require continual revision and govern- 
ment regulation. 

A scientific law is a law made by the Creator ; 
when such a law is discovered and applied it 
does not need any tinkering; this applies both 
to the science of Astronomy and the science of 
Political Economy. 

In proof of the above statements, so far, the 
astronomers have not discovered any attempt 
of the Creator to interfere with or amend the 
solar system, neither has there been any 
attempt to legislate prosperity by interfering 
with freedom of trade by and between the 
States of the United States. 

Freedom of trade then is a natural law and 
a natural right of individuals as well as a 
natural right of nations bestowed upon all by 
the Creator. 

Notwithstanding these plain facts, we the 
farmers and merchants of the United States, 
who do not receive any benefit, are responsible 
for blocking the progress of civilization by vot- 
ing for upholding and maintaining a system 
of taxation and incessant interference by the 
government with our foreign trade which is 



116 Freedom of Trade 

called PROTECTION. Protection from 
what? There is only one answer: Protection 
from poverty by taxation. 

Protection from the wrath of God WAS 
based upon the ignorance of the people con- 
cerning the laws of nature; protection from 
poverty by taxation IS based upon the ignor- 
ance of the people concerning the production 
and distribution of wealth. 

Since the publication of "Wealth of Nations" 
by Adam Smith in 1776 it has been well known 
to students of Political Economy that any in- 
terference with trade is an injury to the people; 
but this knowledge failed to be diffused among 
the people of any nation sufficiently to cause 
the downfall of protection except in England. 

In our own country the facts of the case are 
that the people have been so busy skimming 
the cream off of this great continent that they 
have not taken time to think, and most of the 
papers, (since the campaign in which Samuel J. 
Tilden was elected president) have been so 
completely muzzled by the predatory interests 
that they might as well have been censored. 

So far as politicians and public men are con- 
cerned, it is their business to think or not to 
think the same as the majority of the voters; 



Freedom of Trade U? 

to perpetuate themselves in office, to continue 
in power, to stay on top, is their business. 

As previously stated, protection from the 
wrath of God was based upon the ignorance of 
the people concerning the physical laws of 
nature; as knowledge increased in spite of all 
opposition, PROTECTION FROM THE 
WRATH OF GOD was gradually abandoned 
and the basis of civilization, that is to say, the 
cause of war was shifted to PROTECTION 
FROM POVERTY BY TAXATION. 

On this slender foundation, at the present 
time, rests most of the institutions and laws of 
all the so-called civilized nations except Great 
Britain. Europe is an armed camp, protecting 
the people from poverty by taxation, every 
nation taxing the people to the limit for the 
maintenance of armies and navies to protect 
their foreign trade and injure the foreign trade 
of other nations, and at the same time con- 
tinually making tariff, laws to prevent foreign 
trade, England alone using her navy in assert- 
ing the right of her people to free trade with 
all nations. 

In the construction of the Sixth Column 
(Competition) it was plainly shown that farm 
products are produced and sold under the com- 
petitive system at the World's price ; therefore 



118 Freedom of Trade 

to include farm products in the tariff list, here 
in the United States, is only an attempt to pull 
the wool over the farmers and traders eyes 
in order to rob them and perpetuate an in- 
famous fraud. 

The author here asserts, without the least 
fear of successful contradiction, that any in- 
dustry, including employment for wages, that 
cannot be organized and competition pre- 
vented, is injured and not benefited in the least 
by the protective tariff. Then who is benefited ? 
Simply the trusts, corporations, big business; 
the jackpot contributors and corruptors of our 
officials and courts. "Calamities" says Mr. 
Buckle may be inflicted upon nations by others, 
but no people can be degraded except by their 
own acts. Calamities were inflicted upon Ger- 
many by the World's war, but the people stand 
degraded, in the estimation of others, by their 
owns acts. 

The United States is the largest civilized 
nation over which there is absolute freedom of 
trade: this enables us to adopt the surplus 
method of production and gives us a greater 
variety of soil and climate, consequently a 
greater variety of surplus products to ex- 
change: suppose we cut the country up with 
tariff walls; it would make fourteen states the 
size of Germanv, or thirtv-four the size of Great 



Freedom of Trade 119 

Britain. If divided into fourteen states the size 
of Germany, extending north and south the 
whole length of the country, there would still 
be some ehance for the people to employ their 
labor and capital in the production of the nat- 
ural surplus products of the different localities, 
this would cause trade, and the people would 
be as prosperous as the people of other nations 
of that size; but if it was cut up with tariff 
walls into thirty-four states the size of Great 
Britain, then there would be no chance to pro- 
duce the surplus, consequently there would be 
no trade, and life would be a continual struggle 
for the actual necessaries and large cities like 
Chicago would be impossible. 

The surplus method of production depends 
entirely upon the ability of the producer to 
exchange the surplus and procure more of the 
fruits of the Earth for himself than he can by 
diversified industry. 

The selfish mainspring would be only a 
theory instead of a natural law if this was not 
true, therefore we can be assured of the follow- 
ing facts : 

First — It is the great size of our country, 
especially its length north and south, which 
permits us to produce a great variety of prod- 
ucts; in connection with the virgin fertility of 



120 Freedom of Trade 

the soil, this has enabled us to bear the great 
burden of tariff taxes, that is, to dispose of 
our products under a world-wide competitive 
system and buy most of our commodities under 
the greed system* ; in other words, to make it a 
little plainer, to build up the predatory trusts 
and corporations and yet be able to produce 
the surplus and live. 

Second — The farmers have run over this vast 
territory, and skimmed the cream from the soil, 
without any regard to the rights of future 
generations. 

Third — The lumbermen have cut the easy 
trees. 

Fourth — The miners have dug the easy coal, 
iron and other minerals. 

Fifth — Until lately we have not been burden- 
ed with a large and expensive army and navy. 

Sixth — The Christian religion does not 
retard the progress of knowledge or interfere 
with the production of wealth. 

These are natural, reasonable and sufficient 
reasons for the higher wages and greater pros- 
perity of the people of the United States; the 
natural causes and conditions make us prosper- 
ous in spite of adverse legislation. 
Uncontrolled selfishness. 



Freedom of Trade 121 

While, it has been shown, the price of all 
farm products is governed by the competition 
of the World yet the exchange of farm products 
for farm- products, — here in our country — 
whith do not come under the control of the 
trusts is not seriously affected by the tariff, 
except by the great injury it does to our foreign 
markets and the higher rate of transportation 
caused by the increased cost of steel and iron 
for machinery, bridges, railroads, ships, etc. 

The cotton planters of the South have to 
export seventy-five per cent of the crop. They, 
and especially the negro laborers, are the worst 
sufferers from the protective tariff. 

While waiting for a train at Brinkley, 
Arkansas, I was introduced to a cotton planter 
and thought it would be a good idea to inter- 
view him. "Please tell me why you do not raise 
your living for yourself and stock and this army 
of help you are keeping ?" 

"Yes, sir, it gives me pleasure to answer your 
question, sir. 

"In the first place, sir, this army of niggers 
you see around here know how to raise cotton, 
and this soil and climate seem to have been 
made for that purpose. The niggers, sir, do 
not know how to run a corn planter or a binder, 



122 Freedom of Trade 

but they do know how to raise cotton and pick 
it." 

"Skuse me, boss," said an old Negro who 
just then made his appearance, "de boys sa da 
cnt wok in de fiel fom sun to sun fo six bits 
(75 cts.) er da, dese long dais, case choppin 
cotton am mighty hard wok, and de sun gits 
up mighty airly dese mornins and stays up er 
long time, an den sum of dem haf to wauk fo 
miles home, an time da gets er bite ter eat da 
dont hab no time ter sleep, fo da has ter git up 
and git anoder bite, so da can git to der fiel fo 
sun up." 

"Well, Sam, what do they want to do about 

it?" 

"Da sais, boss, da ought to hab a dollar er 
day." 

"Did they say they could work from sun to 
sun for a dollar a day?" 

"Yes, boss, da sayd da could." 

"You tell them that I said, if they can work 
from sun to sun for a dollar, they can work 
for six bits, and I won't pay any more, and don't 
you interrupt me again when I am talking to a 
gentleman." 



Freedom of Trade 123 

"Skuse me, boss, but er wus so tired an 
hungry." 

"Excuse me, sir, but that nigger is a field boss 
and he is very trusty, sir, and he did look tired 
and worn out. 

"But as I was saying, sir, about raising cotton 
and these niggers; you know that most of our 
cotton is exported and sold in competition with 
the cotton of the world. 

"You Northern gentlemen, sir, imagine you 
set the niggers free, but they have just changed 
owners; they are now owned by the trusts and 
corporations who furnish us with machinery 
and supplies. The planters make only a living 
and keep the niggers from starving, so they are 
very little better off than they were before the 
war; in fact, sir, in my opinion, they are worse 
off than they were before the war." 

On account of the natural conditions, it was 
known by the leading advocates of protection 
that wages would necessarily be higher and the 
people be more prosperous here in the United 
States than the people of other nations. The 
conditions provided an excellent opportunity 
for conducting a confidence game on a large 
scale under the high sounding title of PRO- 
TECTION TO AMERICAN LABOR. 



124 Freedom of Trade 

The working basis of the scheme may be 
simplified by supposing that we had only farm 
products, iron and steel and labor to deal with. 

In order to protect the American laborer 
from the pauper labor of Europe, and provide 
him with a full dinner pail, we levy a tariff 
tax of say 25 percent on all imported farm 
products, and say nine dollars per ton on all 
imported steel and iron; nothing on laboring 
men and women. The proper way to protect 
American labor, of course, is to let the Italian, 
the Pole and the Russian in free. Labor, 
according to the theory of our eminent tariff 
tinkers, does not come in competition with 
labor; instead it is the imported product of 
labor that labor has to compete with. 

Here is the proposition: The government 
will make any one who imports farm products 
pay 25 per cent more than they are worth be- 
fore they are taken out of the bonded ware- 
house, or get through the tariff wall; you 
farmers, in order to derive any benefit from this 
magnanimous proposition, must organize and 
prevent competition; then you can levy a tax 
of 25 per cent on the people for your own 
benefit. 

See our scheme gives you the taxing power if 



Freedom of Trade 125 

you abandon that foolish competition and do 
business on the greed plan. 

Way back when we old gray fellows were 
boys, or young men, the Grange movement was 
an attempt to organize the farmers and create 
a monopoly in farm products, for the benefit 
of the farmers. We were not only going to 
have a monopoly in farm products but we were 
going to regulate things generally and buy our 
supplies at our own price; however we never 
succeeded in preventing competition or regu- 
lating things to any great extent. 

Fortunately for mankind in general, when 
the Creator made the farmers He made so many 
of them and placed them so far apart that they 
simply had to do business, or dispose of their 
farm products at least, under the law that He 
provided; and that was, is now, and will con- 
tinue to be, competition. 

However, the steel and iron manufacturers, 
with the aid of the skillful management of Mr. 
Carnegie and other captains of finance and in- 
dustry, were more successful in organizing the 
steel and iron industry; and were able to pre- 
vent competition, do business on the greed plan 
and tax the people to the extent of nine dollars 
per ton, FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE 
TRUST. The only thing that labor could do 



126 Freedom of Trade 

under the circumstances was to organize 
unions, or a labor trust; which they have more 
or less accomplished; and now after forty years 
of protection from poverty by taxation and 
most of the industries except farming have 
done exactly what the tariff tinkers intended 
should be done (prevent competition and do 
business on the greed plan) the principal busi- 
ness of the government is regulating trusts and 
prosecuting labor unions. 

What a jungle of nonsense and contradic- 
tions this protection is. We pass laws to make 
trusts and then pass laws to regulate them. 
We pass laws to make railroads cost almost 
double what they ought to cost and then pass 
laws to regulate freight and passenger rates. 
We keep the learned judges and an army of 
smart lawyers (all drawing high salaries) busy 
with great and important questions, hardly on 
an equality with trying an old lady for witch- 
craft and riding through the air on a broom 
stick. 

Surely we are a great people, after a hundred 
vears of free schools, free press, free speech, 
to stand here blocking the progress of civiliza- 
tion, listening to such foolishness as this pro- 
tection TWADDLE. 

And finallv, now after the forests are 



Freedom of Trade 127 

denuded, the easy coal and minerals dug out 
and the cream of the soil skimmed off, and it 
is evident, if there was the first iota of truth 
in the theory of protection, the tariff ought to 
be "increased, we are going to have a special 
session of Congress to revise it downward, and 
have a scientific tariff, because it is to be a 
maximum and minimum tariff. Why are we 
going to revise the tariff downward? Simply 
because the great and important question with 
the tariff tinkers always has been and always 
will be: how much will the natural conditions 
allow us to take from the people and yet be able 
to make them believe the tariff makes them 
prosperous? If it is a bank with large deposits 
the dishonest cashier can steal more than he 
can from the bank with small deposits ; any one 
with ordinary business capacity will admit the 
truth of that statement. If it is a large country 
with new and fertile soil and a great variety of 
climate, over which there is freedom of trade, 
the tariff tinkers can steal more from the peo- 
ple, and yet be able to make them think that 
protection is the cause of prosperity, than they 
can from a people of a small country with a 
worn out soil and less variety of climate. If 
you will think about it a few minutes you will 
arrive at the conclusion that this statement is 
also true. 



128 Freedom of Trade 

We are going to revise the tariff downward 
simply because this country is getting to be 
somewhat like the small bank with less depos- 
its: there is not so much to steal as there was 
at the time of the last revision, and if the 
present system of farming, mining and lumber- 
ing continues there will not be nearly so much 
to steal at the time of the next revision as there 
is at the present time. 

Freedom of trade is one of the natural rights 
of nations and one of the natural rights of 
mankind. The world-wide desires, the surplus 
production, not only in our country but in all 
countries, where possible, the ease with which 
commodities can be transported by w r ater from 
one country to another, the greater prosperity 
of large nations over which there is freedom 
of trade, the backward state c>i civilization in 
China where foreign trade w r as long prohibited 
and internal trade discouraged, all point to the 
fact that free and unrestricted trade is a Divine 
or natural law not only to give us prosperity 
and plenty but also to carry the same blessings 
to the people of all nations, and eventually to 
establish and maintain the Universal Civiliza- 
tion of the future. 

This column, FREEDOM OF TRADE is 
surely based upon the foundation that the 



Freedom of Trade 129 

Earth was created for mankind and the fruits 
of the Earth are the gift of the Creator to all. 

The selfish mainspring of human conduct is 
wound up; the forces are uniting; it includes 
the farmers, the professional and business men 
and all others who must necessarily dispose of 
their products or labor under the competitive 
system and now buy their supplies from the 
trusts, corporations and others under the greed 
system. 

Here is the firing line of the further progress 
of civiliaztion; defeat means the downfall of 
government of the people; victory means the 
death of militarism and the establishment of 
Universal Peace and Prosperity, and the 
leaders will win glory that will shine on and 
grow brighter with the passing of the centuries 
long after the glory of war has been forgotten. 
We may be assured that this battle will be won ; 
that protection from poverty by taxation like 
its inglorious prototype, protection from the 
wrath of God, is doomed to an ignominious 
death ; a few more years and this, the last legacy 
of barbarism (except militarism and war) will 
be laid to rest with slavery, with tyranny, with 
protection from the wrath of God; and as it 
developed that there was no wrath of God, it 
will also develop there is no poverty but that 
which is made by evil and ignorant legislation. 
9 



130 Freedom of Trade 

April, 1916. If the teachers of our schools and 
colleges, the ministers and lecturers, the [ 
and magazines had spent one tenth of one 
cent of the time and money in educating the 
people to prevent war by applying the natural 
laws, made for that purpose, that has been 
expended in preparedness during the last forty 
years and is now being expended in reaping 
the harvest of preparedness in Europe, then 
this senseless war of extermination that again 
threatens the downfall of civilization would 
have been averted and the present war, in fact 
all war between nations, would be at an end. 
The first object of this book: the prevention of 
the present war in Europe has not been 
attained. 

Hoping yet to do some good, to assist in 
preventing the downfall of democracy and 
establishing Universal Peace the follov 
leaflet has been prepared by the Author con- 
densing the most important principles laid 
down in this book in the shortest possible 
space. 




PREPAREDNESS THE ROAD TO WAR 



Freedom of Trade 131 

Almost every locality of the Earth produces 
or contains a surplus quantity of a few com- 
modities. 

The selfish mainspring of human conduct or 
the natural desire to employ our labor and 
capital in the most productive manner compels 
us to produce the natural surplus when pos- 
sible. 

In the United States we have freedom of 
trade and travel in and between all States, 
which has caused us to adopt the surplus 
method of production and is the cause of our 
immense domestic or home trade. 

Here we find the natural road prepared by 
the Creator to establish and perpetuate Univer- 
sal Peace and Universal Prosperity. 

The nations of the Earth have now come to 
the parting of the ways; education, the Chris- 
tian religion, diplomacy, treaties, and above all, 
PREPAREDNESS, have each and all failed 
to prevent war. Europe has followed this road 
and is now reaping the harvest. 

The United States consists of forty-nine 
separate and distinct governments or States. 

Our country or government differs from 
Europe as follows: As above stated, here we 



132 Freedom of Trade 

have freedom of trade and travel by and among 
all the States. In Europe every country inter- 
feres with trade and travel by tariff taxes and 
other regulations. 

Here no State can have a standing army or 
navy and the United States is armed to pre- 
vent any State from making war on another 
State or any foreign country. In Europe every 
nation, large or small, is prepared, it is claimed 
for defense only, with a standing army and 
navy. 

Here in the United States we have the only 
successful example in all history of the pre- 
vention of war. For 140 years FREEDOM OF 
TRADE alone and unaided has maintained 
peace among all the States. 

The civil war, 1861-1865, was a rebellion of 
the slave States against the government of the 
United States, and not a war between the 

States. 

In Europe during this same time PRE- 
PAREDNESS has resulted in frequent wars, 
and Europe is now engaged in a war that 
threatens the downfall of the present civiliza- 
tions. The principal cause of this war is pre- 
paredness, which always demands more taxes 
and higher tariff walls. 



Freedom of Trade 133 

Here at the forks of the road that nations 
travel is a signboard. On one side is written 
FREEDOM OF TRADE IS THE ROAD TO 
PEACE.- Looking in the direction this road 
leads, we see every indication of prosperity, 
peace and contentment. On the other side of 
the board is written PREPAREDNESS, and 
looking in this direction we see the smoke of 
burning cities, destruction of property, death, 
starving women and children — those we meet 
limping back from the front warn us that the 
very depths of hell are just beyond. 

In order to establish Universal Peace and 
Prosperity we must organize a government of 
all the nations of the Earth along the lines of 
the government of the United States — Freedom 
of Trade by and among all countries, the 
nations disarmed to a certain extent, and the 
UNITED NATIONS, represented by a world's 
congress, in continual session, organized and 
armed with an international army and navy for 
the purpose of maintaining Freedom of Trade 
and preventing, by force if necessary, any 
nation from making war on another nation. 
This would establish peace at the cheapest 
price and it would soon be discovered that the 
Creator's plan, Freedom of Trade alone would 
prevent war. 

All of these facts are known to the people 



134 Freedom of Trade 

of the United States, and yet there is some 
danger that we are permitting ourselves to be 
forced into militarism by the trusts, more espe- 
cially by the steel trust and the manufacturers 
of munitions of war, under the plea of prepared- 
ness, for the purpose of increasing and per- 
petuating the interference with our foreign 
trade by our infamous system of tariff taxation. 

Militarism and government of the people can- 
not exist in a country at the same time. The 
question we are now called upon to solve is 
the question stated by Lincoln at Gettysburg: 
"Shall government of the people, by the people, 
tor the people, perish from the Earth?'' 

Germany was prepared — now where is she? 
Under the control of militarism, the rights of 
the people entirely ignored, filled with sorrow 
and mourning for the dead and the maimed, 
loaded down with an increase of her public debt 
of ten billions of dollars. And all Europe is in 
the same condition. 

Our mission as a nation, our mission as a 
people, at this time is to lift Europe out of 
this barbarism that preparedness has brought 
upon her people. We have made the experi- 
ment ; we have found the road that leads to Uni- 
versal Peace and Prosperity. Europe has made 
the experiment of preparedness. The people 



Freedom of Trade 135 

of every nation know the results of both experi- 
ments and are ready for Universal Peace. 

Instead of increasing our armament, it is our 
plain duty as a nation, as a Christian people, to 
unite with us the neutral nations of the Earth 
and propose to the warring nations that are 
now reaping the harvest of preparedness, the 
disarming of all nations, the universal freedom 
of trade and the organization of the UNITED 
NATIONS, for the purpose of preventing any 
nation from making war on another nation. 

Let us use brains instead of powder. If those 
in control are not ready for the change, then it 
is time to place others in power that are ready. 
From what we see in Europe at the present 
time there would be no danger of making mat- 
ters worse even if we turned the entire govern- 
ment of the world over to day laborers. 



Diagram Showing 
Construction of 

Ninth Column 



r«i»3M 



FandM 



1 


FftxuiM \ 

2 8\ 


4 


3 7 


5 





Public Utilities 

136 



Public Utilities 137 

IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT THE EARTH 
WAS CREATED FOR MANKIND AND THE 
FRUITS OF THE EARTH ARE THE GIFT 
OF THE CREATOR TO ALL, CONSEQUENT- 
LY IT FOLLOWS THERE WAS NOTHING 
MADE FOR CORPORATIONS AND TRUSTS. 



Public Utilities 

THE Public Utilities, Including railroads, 
mail, telegraph, telephone, oil, gas, coal, 
iron, copper, lead, falling waters and all 
other things that individuals cannot do or make 
under the law of competition, will be owned by 
the people and operated by the government, 
for the people; we cannot have several systems 
of water works, street car lines, gas pipes in 
our villages and cities, that class of public 
utilities will belong to the people of the cities 
and operated by the city, for the people of the 
city; neither can we have two or more lines of 
railroads to all of the villages and cities, and if 
we did have them we could not prevent the 
managers from forming combinations, and 
doing business on the greed system. 

If our foundation is correct: — ''The Earth 
was created for mankind and the fruits of the 
Earth are the gift of the Creator to all/' — then 
it follows; there was not anything made for 
corporations and trusts; and all they claim to 
own, except the improvements, does not be- 
long to them, in fact is stolen property, and 

138 



Public Utilities 139 

sooner or later will have tc be restored to the 
people. 

The corporation for pecuniary profit was 
supposed to be an improvement on the man 
the Creator made; it is born with full powers, 
lives an unlimited time, when you size it up 
one side and down the other it is a bag to 
catch dollars, with a smart lawver at one end to 
keep the manager out of the penitentiary. 

The Feudal landlord and the slave owner 
had a heart and red blood in their veins but this 
thing, the corporation has nothing except a 
capacity to catch dollars. 

After we establish the universal freedom of 
trade the surplus method of production will 
soon be adopted by the people of all nations, 
consequently the annual production will be 
vastly increased over the amount now produced 
and there will be a corresponding increase in 
trade and transportation. 

Notwithstanding these plain facts we make 
this thing, the corporation, and not only allow- 
it to usurp the business of government in con- 
ducting the Public Utilities but also allow it, 
without a conscience; without a stomach to 
feed or back to clothe or children to raise and 
educate, to enter into competition with the 



140 Public Utilities 

God-made man in the transaction of private 
business. 

This thing, the corporation, in private busi- 
ness is most certainly an infringement upon 
the law of equality. 

The man the Creator made, to whom He gave 
all things, has a stomach to provide for, a back 
to clothe, and in order to perpetuate the race — 
which he is commanded to do — he has children 
to feed, clothe and educate, also a conscience to 
reprove him if his actions are wrong. 

This unholy thing, the corporation, if the 
manager wishes, (which he usually does) to 
drive the individual out of business and prevent 
competition, can do the business at a loss and 
pass a dividend or two, but the individual can- 
not pass any dividends; food and clothing must 
be provided and the children cared for; other- 
wise, race suicide. 

Suppose the Creator had made as many 
THINGS or unnatural men as we have made 
corporations, and placed them here to usurp 
and monopolize business, public utilities and 
wealth of the country, after having given us the 
Earth and all things, even to the green herb. 

We would say it was not a "square deal," 



Public Utilities Ml 

that the Creator was not fair, and we would 
have exterminated the race of things long ago. 

And that is exactly what the selfish main- 
spring of human conduct is going to do with 
the corporation. It occupies in business at the 
present time the same place that Feudalism 
occupies in Mexico, and the same place it did 
occupy in the ownership of the land in past 
ages. In its infancy the corporation, like other 
institutions that have fallen, was of some ad- 
vantage to mankind but it has outlived its use- 
fulness and is now a great disadvantage. 

When the drones are no longer necessary 
for the welfare of a swarm of bees the workers 
sting them to death. 

When an institution is no longer necessary 
for the welfare of mankind it becomes a detri- 
ment to the advance of civilization, and that 
irresistible force, the constant pressure of the 
selfish mainspring of human conduct on the 
common people, gives it the same treatment 
that the workers of the swarm of bees inflict 
upon the drones. The truth of this statement 
is only the history of the present civilization, 
this doctrine applies to militarism as well as 
corporations. 

Some farmers, especially those interested in 



H2 Public Utilities 

farmer elevator companies, will probably not 
agree with me at the present time in regard to 
corporations, but it should be remembered that 
it is the history of the trust that corporations 
must first be organized. Almost every trust is 
a combination of corporations. We will, in all 
human probability, soon have the grain trust. 
Then the farmers will be in worse condition 
than they were before the farmer's elevator 
companies were organized. This danger can 
be avoided by closing up the business as cor- 
porations and organizing as co-operative soci- 
eties. 

These companies are only necessary to over- 
come the greed system of doing business 
adopted by the large corporations with a line of 
elevators. 

The abolition of the corporation, and limiting 
the business of the individual to the amount 
necessary for its economical transaction, would 
correct all the evils and make the farmer eleva- 
tor companies entirely unnecessary. All we 
have to do is to restore individual opportunity 
and individual competition, or establish co- 
operative societies. They will not be abolished 
by the coming civilization. 

Slavery was not all bad ; there was some good 
in the black mamma slavery of the border 



Public Utilities H3 

states. The training the slaves received under 
this system was beneficial to a people not two 
hundred years removed from barbarism; but 
this system, which did not permit a slave to 
be sold outside of his owner's family without 
his consent, could not be perpetuated, admit- 
ting it was desirable, (which it was not) with- 
out perpetuating the undesirable institution of 
slavery in the far South. 

It is now the same with the good corpora- 
tion. The institution as a whole is bad, more 
degrading to mankind, more dangerous to our 
liberties, than slavery ever was, and the further 
progress of civilization demands the total aboli- 
tion of the whole corporate system of doing 
business. 

The following charges are made against 
Corporations: 

First — In the transaction of private business 
the law of competition, based upon the equality 
of individuals, is sufficiently severe; therefore, 
to create a corporation and allow it, without 
any of the duties and obligations of man, to 
enter into business, drive the individual out by 
passing a few dividends, and then conducting 
the business on the greed plan, or saving every- 
thing except the squeal, not for the people but 
for the trust or corporation, is placing the God- 



144 Public Utilities 

made man on an equality with the free laborer 
of the South before the war. He cannot con- 
tinue in business, stand the ability of the cor- 
poration to pass dividends, and compete with 
the man-made thing. 

Second — The public utility corporations, 
especially the railroad companies, have under- 
taken, in their wild scramble, to seize every- 
thing the Creator gave to mankind, to over- 
throw government of the people and establish 
government by bribery for the benefit of the 
predatory trusts and corporations. Their 
methods have been little if any better than high 
treason. They have issued their free passes, 
deadhead express and freight to almost every 
official that we elect, from town supervisor to 
president of the United States, including the 
judges of our courts; not only passes, but in one 
instance, if I am correctly informed, the private 
car of the president of the road was furnished 
a judge in which to transport his mother-in- 
law from Indianapolis, Ind., to Los Angles, 
California. They have also muzzled the press 
more or less with their bribes. 

The action of our officials and judges in 
accepting the bribes of the railroad companies 
has prepared the way for a condition of graft, 
dishonesty and corruption in public office never 
before witnessed in any civilized country. It 



Public Utilities 145 

can be compared only to the conditions existing 
during the decline of the Roman Empire. 

Third — The dishonesty of the corporations 
and grasping disposition of the great captains 
of Feudalism in business has a degrading in- 
fluence upon the character of the whole people. 
The conscience of the individual is necessarily 
seared, deadened and benumbed in order to 
meet their methods. 

The passing of the corporation in private 
business is only a matter of justice to ourselves 
and a common regard for the ability of the 
Creator to make the best possible man for 
transacting the business of production and 
distribution, with the object in view of giving 
the fruits of the Earth to mankind. 

As there was nothing made for corporations 
and trusts, everything they claim to own, 
except the improvements, belong to the people. 
The day is now dawning when the common 
people will refuse to protect this property, for 
the benefit of the corporations and trusts, 
therefore it will have to be restored to its right- 
ful owners. They, the corporations, trusts and 
inter-locking directors have no better title to 
the property they claim to own than the Feudal 

Landlord had to his lands. They have no bet- 
10 



146 Public Utilities 

ter title than the slave owner had to his slaves 
before the war of the rebellion. 

A better title than "Even as the green herb 
have I given you all things," cannot be found 
or sustained. This title is better than a war- 
ranty deed, because the donator made scientific 
laws to carry out his intention. 

"The mills of the Gods grind slow but they 
grind exceeding fine." 

The selfish mainspring of human conduct 
moves slow but it moves exceeding sure. 

The same irresistible force, the constant 
pressure of the selfish mainspring of human 
conduct on the common people, the same force 
that proclaimed the Declaration of American 
Independence and fought the war of the Rev- 
olution to establish government of the people, 
the same force that fought the battle of Gettys- 
burg, "That that government might not perish 
from the Earth," is now causing them (the 
common people) to demand their inheritance, 
which most certainly includes the Public 
Utilities. 

It might be well for those now rolling in 
wealth and luxury that belongs to the people, 
to remember the past; remember Pharaoh and 
the calamity that happened to him in the midst 



Public Utilities 147 

of the Red Sea; remember Rome, the French 
Revolution and especially remember what has 
happened in Europe since 1914. Do not deceive 
yourselves about corporations and trusts; the 
Kaiser and German Militarism, The Czar and 
the Russian Autocracy were bad enough but 
our corporations, trusts, inter-locking direc- 
tors, grain, cotton and stock gamblers are the 
worst institution or combination that ever 
afflicted the people of any nation and must be 
abolished, prohibited, overthrown and buried 
with the dead past, or government of the 
people, for the people, by the people will soon — 
if not already — perish from the Earth. 

The reader, knowing what our forefathers 
and ancestors suffered from the downfall of the 
Roman Empire to the Declaration of American 
Independence to establish government of the 
people, and also knowing what we have suf- 
fered to perpetuate it, the truth and necessity of 
enforcing this rule becomes undeniable : "Every 
institution or every column of our structure 
must help to perpetuate the first four columns, 
and at the same time carry out the intention of 
the Creator: "Even as the green herb have I 
given you all things." The management of the 
Public Utilities by corporations, and trusts, the 
gambling in grain, cotton, and stocks, the in- 
terlocking directors and big business fails to 
fulfill either of these requirements. 



148 Public Utilities 

The work to be done by the government, 
after the Public Utilities are taken over, will 
require business men and women noted for 
their honesty and ability to transact business, 
and it is safe to say when the people have their 
savings invested in the Public Utilities, the 
voters may be depended upon to elect the very 
best men to attend to their business; democrat 
and republican, watchful waiting and prepared- 
ness will soon be forgotten and the only ques- 
tion will be: who are the best men to manage 
our railroads, street cars, coal mines, iron 
mines, water powers and other Public Utili- 
ties? 

THE PROCESS OR PLAN. 

All of the Public Utilities will be taken over 
at one time but the operation may be gradual, 
say one railroad system or mine at a time. 
After squeezing out the water and placing the 
loss on the big holders or managers who did the 
watering, and making a fair valuation of the 
property, not including anything for the 
franchise, oil, coal, iron or other things of value 
included in the gift of the Creator to man- 
kind, the amount of the value of each bond or 
stock holder having been arrived at on this 
basis, the bonds or stocks that each one holds 
will be turned over to the government and 
destroyed and the owners will be paid for the 



Public Utilities 149 

same with PUBLIC UTILITY BONDS with 
coupons attached for interest at the annual rate 
of five per cent, payable semi-annually. These 
bonds will be free of all tax and redeemable 
with new bonds, when all of the coupons are 
de'ached and paid. 

These bonds will represent the value of the 
Public Utilities — The railroads, oil, coal, water- 
falls, etc., — and will be equally as safe an in- 
vestment as land; the bonds that each one owns 
will be his or her deed and represent his or 
her share in the Public Utilities and may be 
filed for record in the recorder's office and 
transferred the same as land. They will not 
be a debt upon the government or the people, 
the only obligation is to pay the owner five per 
cent interest semi-annually. 

It might be advisable, as a peace measure, 
to set apart a limited amount of these bonds 
for sale in foreign countries on same terms and 
conditions as sold in our own country. 

In order to perpetuate government of the 
people it is necessary to establish and maintain 
a more equal distribution of the wealth. For 
this reason the bonds allowed to any individual 
in excess of one hundred thousand dollars will 
be held by the government and as the people 
deposit the money to buy bonds in the Post 



150 Public Utilities 

Office or Banks, the money will be paid to the 
large holders and the bonds turned over to the 
purchaser. 

Other countries will no doubt follow our 
example and Public Utility bonds will provide 
a safe investment for surplus capital, which 
will be better than loaning money to perpetuate 
war. 

At the time government operation of the 
Public Utilities takes effect, there will be a 
commission appointed to establish fair wages 
for the employees, based upon the cost of liv- 
ing; as the cost of living goes up or down, 
wages will rise or fall; the wages established 
by this commission will no doubt be the basis 
of all wages, in our country at least. 

The question of wages having been settled, 
experts will estimate the amount necessary for 
the upkeep of the various plants, railroads, 
mines, etc., pay the five percent interest, the 
amount necessary for government tax on the 
properties, and a sinking fund to take up the 
bonds given for any mine or oil well that might 
fail. 

With this information before them the rate 
and price officials can fix the rates and prices 
high enough to provide the amount required. 



Public Utilities 151 

If the amount received is not correct at first, 
the rates and prices can be raised or lowered 
until the right amount is established. 

In case of making a new road or opening a 
new mine, the government engineers will go 
over the work and decide upon the cost, and 
whether it will be a paying investment or not. 
If the work is found to be necessary and a pay- 
ing investment, Public Utility Bonds may be 
sold as the money is desired to pay the cost of 
construction. 

The reader can now see that the land owner 
who has more land than necessary for econom- 
ical production will rid himself of useless care 
and trouble, sell his land and invest his money 
in the Public Utilities. For this reason, the 
Fifth Column, — The private ownership of the 
land, — and this Column will act automatically 
so the government will not have to sell any 
land at public auction. 

Government under these conditions, the 
reader can easily understand, becomes a great 
co-operative business institution; doing for 
mankind all things the people cannot do in- 
dividually for themselves under the law of com- 
petition. This will require the assistance of 
the graduates of the colleges and intelligent 
labor of millions of the common people. The 



152 Public Utilities 

pay of those employed in this I . 'A be 

fair and just, arrived at by spec:: 
entiiic investigation and the ability of the in- 
dividual to perform the work required, and not 
in any case based upon the ability of any one 
to get the people's money from them for 
:ng. 

All of the extremely high salaries we hear 
oi are paid for dishonest}' to the people. 

The high salaried officials will be out of busi- 
:-ne will receive more than he 
can honestly earn. 

rialism, communism, bolshevism, nothing 
of the kind, the Author is simply trying — "To 
:t the hidden circumstances which deter- 
mine the march and destiny of nations and to 
find in the events of the past a key to the pro- 
- dings of the future." 

In other words to dis: the laws made 

by the Creator to carry out His intention: 
"Even as the green herb have I given YOU 
all things" and thereby. :ble, prevent a 

bloody revolution during which government of 
the people may perish from the Earth. 

The satisfied "top," the Czar and the Kaiser 
for instance should have kept their tz~ 
to the ground and heard the singing o: 



Public Utilities 153 

grass roots; it might be well at the present time 
for Wall Street to listen, the roots have not 
quit singing. 

Now jn regard to taxes: The manufacture 
and sale of intoxicating beverages has been 
prohibited, consequently the government of the 
United States will collect no more taxes of the 
drinker for starving his wife and family; so far 
as tariff taxes are concerned, there will soon be 
no corporations and trusts to protect; as we do 
not want any profit out of the Public Utilities 
there will be no use of levying taxes on imports 
to pay profits. We will want Free Trade with 
all nations because we will want to dispose of 
our surplus products at the best price; we will 
want freedom of trade and the surplus method 
of production adopted by all countries and we 
will have to set the example, consequently the 
government will derive no more revenue from 
interfering with foreign trade; that leaves us 
the income tax, and taxes on mines, in the 
shape of increased prices for the products and 
increase of transportation rates as above 
stated. 

In regard to State taxes: first, taxing per- 
sonal property results in great injustice and 
costs more than the tax brings in, therefore it 
will be cheaper and better to collect all of the 
tax from re^l estate. 



154 Public Utilities 

The days of the predatory corporations and 
trusts are numbered; the people will not much 
longer submit to any business being transacted 
on the greed plan. It has now been discovered 
that government regulation is a failure, there- 
fore the only thing to do is for the government 
to take over the Public Utilities and operate 
them for the people. 

This column of our structure most certainly 
helps to support government of the people and 
also carries out the intention of the Creator 
that all mankind should have and enjoy the 
fruits of the Earth. 

The selfish mainspring of human conduct 
will surely, at no distant day, place this column 
on the foundation of the Universal Civilization. 



Diagram Showing 
the Construction of 
The Tenth Column 



F and 



Fand 



M 


10 
1 


9\ 

F andM \ 

2 8\ 




4 


3 ? 1 


M 


5 


F and M / 



Sanitation 

155 



156 Sanitation 

SANITARY SCIENCE HAS SO FAR PROG- 
RESSED THAT IT IS LITTLE IF ANY BET- 
TER THAN MURDER TO ALLOW THE 
CHILDREN TO BE KILLED OFF BY CON- 
TAGIOUS DISEASE. 

UNDER THE LAW OF COMPETITION THE 
PEOPLE CANNOT STAMP OUT CON- 
TAGIOUS DISEASE, THEREFORE IT IS 
THE PLAIN DUTY OF THE GOVERNMENT 
TO MEET IT AT THE LINE, PREVENT ITS 
IMPORTATION AND THEN STAMP IT OUT 
INSIDE THE LINE. 



CONSTRUCTION OF TENTH COLUMN 



Sanitation 

AT least one-half of the children that are 
born either die or have their health and 
happiness destroyed for life by con- 
tagious disease before they are twenty years of 
age. 

During the school age of the children there is 
continual and incessant interruption with the 
schools on account of the breaking out of some 
contagious disease. 

Sanitary science has so far progressed that it 
is little if any better than murder to allow this 
condition of affairs to continue. 

This talk we hear of race suicide sounds well, 
but it does not cost any money; there is just as 
much left to build battleships and buy war 
material to maintain peace on a war footing, 
after the question is discussed as there was 
before. 

The proposition of eradicating contagious 
disease not only of children but of all kinds, in- 

157 



I5r Sanitation 

eluding tuberculosis, means the continuous em- 
ployment for a number of years of an army of 
educated men and women with power to quar- 
antine and to condemn and destroy private 
property at public expense, all of which will 
cost money, probably as much or more than it 
does to build and maintain two warships a 
year; but the result will soon show in the 
decrease of doctor bills and funeral expenses, 
also in the great increase of strength and health 
:: the children, and possibly, when the people 
discover that they do not have to worry over 
contagious e and take chances of their 

children being murdered in war to maintain 
peace, race suicide will also disappear. 

M .1 Civilization demands not only 

that all contagious disease be eradicated but it 
also demands that all houses shall be con- 
structed with due regard to the discoveries of 
ience. 

Now — after freedom of trade is established 
by and between all nations — the war and navy 
department being closed simply because there 
is nothing to fight about, and the legal depart- 
ment is out of business because there are no 
trusts and corporations to prosecute, the gov- 
ernment will have plenty of time and money to 
do the things that it ought to do, as before 
stated, to do for the Universal Civilization all 



Sanitation 159 

things necessary, that cannot be done by the 
people individually under the competitive 
system. 

With this rule before us it is easy to draw the 
line and say what the government shall do and 
wfiat the people shall do. Manifestly there is 
no way for the people individually to stamp out 
contagious disease. 

The only possible way to accomplish this 
great step forward in civilization is for the gov- 
ernment to meet the disease at the line and 
prevent its importation and then eradicate it 
inside of the line. 

This will take time and money, but the result 
in a few years will show that money and time 
expended for this purpose was a good invest- 
ment. 



Diagram Showing the 
Construction of 
the Eleventh Column 



/ FandM 
A* 


10 

1 


F ftixd M \ 
2 8\ 




*J 


3 7 1 


\ FaxulM 


5 ^ 


F ardM / 
6/ 



Peace 

160 



Peace 161 

THE DAY THAT THE ARMIES OF ALL 
NATIONS ARE DISBANDED, THE BATTLE- 
SHIPS DISARMED, THE CANNON SPIKED, 
THAT DAY AND EVER AFTER THE HOME, 
THE FAMILY, CIVILIZATION, EVERY- 
THING WE HOLD DEAR IS SAFER THAN 
% IT WAS THE DAY BEFORE. 

THESE ARE THE PLAYTHINGS OF THE 
CHILDHOOD OF CIVILIZATION, THE IN- 
STRUMENTS OF THE BARBARIAN; THEY 
BELONG TO A BYGONE AGE AND SHOULD 
BE BURIED WITH THE DEAD PAST 
BEFORE THEY INFLICT ANOTHER GREAT 
CALAMITY UPON MANKIND. 



CONSTRUCTION OF ELEVENTH COLUMN 



Peace 

THE public ownership and government 
operation of the Public Utilities on a five 
percent basis for the benefit of the people, 
the destruction of all tariff walls, the abolition 
of protection from poverty for the sole benefit 
of the corporations and trusts and the adoption 
of universal freedom of trade by and between 
all nations means much more than appears on 
the surface. 

It means that force or power to maintain pro- 
tection from poverty by taxation as the basis of 
civilization is at last overthrown. 

It means the grinding down of the people 
between the upper and the lower millstones of 
paying war debts and maintaining an armed 
peace is abandoned. 

It means, in addition to the Declaration of 
Independence, that all men are endowed by 
their Creator with the right to life, liberty, 
equalitv and freedom. THAT THE EARTH 
WAS CREATED FOR MANKIND and they 

162 



Peace 163 

are also endowed with the right to the fruits of 
the Earth; in other words, it means a declara- 
tion of the people that they propose to assert 
and maintain their right to the gift of the 
Creator to all. 

It means that the satisfied "top" is again dis- 
lodged and the construction of the Universal 
Civilization will be pushed forward. 

It means that knowledge has advanced to 
such an extent that all nations have abandoned 
the desire to interfere with the affairs of the 
people of all other nations. 

It means that the laws and forces provided 
by the all-wise Architect of the Universe for the 
construction of the Universal Civilization will 
be allowed to perform their intended function. 

It means the end of barbarism and the dis- 
appearance of w r ar. 

It means revolution, and it means UNIVER- 
SAL PEACE. 

At the present time (February, 1908), and it 
is a burning disgrace to the intelligence of the 
age, at least one-half of the energy of mankind, 
over and above the actual necessaries of life, is 
worse than wasted in paying war debts and 
maintaining the so-called armed peace, and yet 



164 Peace 

we have no peace; neither can there be any 
peace so long as we are continually preparing 
for war. 

The sad and long remembered day comes in 
the life of the little girl when she knows it is 
necessary to lay away the idols of her child- 
hood, her dolls and toys, and assume the duties 
and obligations of life;* likewise the boy aban- 
dons his sled and little wagon, his drum and air 
gun, his marbles and ball, and finally his 
knickerbockers, and goes out into the world to 
seek his fortune. 

The old home in which we have spent the 
happy days of childhood has at last become 
dilapidated beyond repair; it must be torn down 
and replaced with a new one. 

We approach these changes in life with feel- 
ings of sadness, but there is no reason why we 
should approach the day when the instruments 
of war are muzzled and laid away with the dead 
past with any except feelings of exultation. 

That day will forever afterward, throughout 
all the nations of the Earth be a day of re- 
joicing. 

The time has come when it is necessary, for 
the further progress of Civilization, for the 

*5eeXote3. 



Peace 165 

common people, (the farmers, merchants, 
laborers) of the four leading nations of the 
Earth — the United States, France, Great 
Britain and Germany — to hold a convention 
and make a World's Declaration of Independ- 
ence, asserting the right of all mankind to life, 
liberty, equality and freedom, and also assert- 
ing the right of mankind to the fruits of the 
Earth, and to set the machinery in motion that 
will lead to a World's Peace Congress to take 
charge of the armies and navies and all other 
means of any nation making war on another 
nation. 

The convention above proposed was not 
called, the people of no country took posses- 
sion of their government or in any way tried to 
avert the impending calamity. It came, caused 
more than any one thing by tariff walls, which, 
manifestly interfere with the Creator's plan of 
production and distribution of the products of 
the Earth, to such an extent that His gift: 
"Even as the green herb have I given you all 
things," is almost entirely annulled. Twenty 
millions of people have been killed, millions 
more maimed for life; the cost of the war, in- 
cluding the debt and the amount paid is more 
than two hundred billion of dollars, add to this 
debt the destruction of property caused by the 
war and the old war debts and the amount is 



166 Peace 

said to exceed the value of all property accumu- 
lated by mankind since the downfall of the 
Roman Empire. 

Now — August 1919 — the war is over. Ger- 
man preparedness proved to be defective, there 
was revolution at home and revolt in the army. 
Germany is disarmed both on land and sea; we 
have had a Peace Conference. So far as the 
facts can be discovered, at this time, there was 
nothing accomplished at that conference, that 
was not dictated by the Royal family and 
Aristocracy of England aided by the corpora- 
tions, trusts, grain, cotton, stock gamblers and 
Big Business, of the United States. 

Our delegates to the Peace Conference have 
arrived home, Mr. Daniels — Secretary of the 
navy — after reviewing five miles of war ships 
(that part of the navy sent to the Pacific as a 
warning to Japan or chip on our shoulder for 
her to knock off) tells us that we have a navy 
now of a million tons and five million tons mere 
in course of construction; and Mr. Baker — 
Secretary of War — has brought in a bill for an 
army of five hundred thousand men and univer- 
sal training for all fit boys as they become nine- 
teen years of age. 

This is exactly what our corporations, trusts, 
grain, cotton, stock gamblers want; while we 



Peace 167 

are getting ready for the war that preparedness 
is certain to bring upon us there will be a de- 
mand for all kinds of war material and there is 
more graft in army contracts than there is in 
other business. Then, when the war is begun, 
there is a riot of money getting and the cor- 
porations, trusts and the rest of the combina- 
tion, including grain, cotton, stock gamblers 
and interlocking directors, which we call big 
business do most of the getting and least of the 
paying. 

Least of the paying because they are usually 
able to add the taxes they pay to the price of the 
commodity they sell, in this way the consumer 
finally has to pay the tax. 

The Peace Conference seems to have made 
war instead of peace, militarism is in the saddle 
the world over, the nations that are not at war 
are preparing for war, we must have a navy five 
times more powerful than we have now, and we 
must have universal training and that means 
universal conscription when we are fully pre- 
pared. 

If we hope to be victorious in the great war 
that this world-wide preparedness is sure to 
cause we must learn something from the failure 
of German preparedness, we cannot hope to be 
better prepared so far as FIGHTERS are con- 



168 Peace 

cerned than Germany was the first of August, 
1914; in the beginning the German machine 
worked to perfection, but along in October, 
1918, there was trouble in Germany, the Ger- 
man people were starving; it also began to ap- 
pear to them, and the army, that the destruc- 
tion of property during the war might have to 
be paid for by the German people, that means 
always, by the people who work and sweat and 
enjoy little if any of the pleasures of life and 
that includes the soldiers who did the fighting. 
Here is where the German machine was 
deficient, it did not provide trained FEEDERS 
AND PAYERS. 

War requires FEEDERS, PAYERS and 
FIGHTERS. German preparedness provided 
for the fighters only. The result was defeat, 
caused by revolution in Germany and revolt in 
the army. 

In order to prevent this same calamity from 
defeating us in the next great world's war for 
which we are preparing, the returned soldiers 
and their families, who are a vast majority of 
the people of our country, must organize a new 
political partv — An appropriate name of this 
party would be THE SONS OF LIBERTY— 
rescue the Government of the United States 
from the domination of the corporations, trusts 
and big business and reestablish the admin- 



Peace 

istration of justice* and government of the 
people and do all things necessary to see that 
that kind of government is perpetuated. It is 
surely a great injustice to select the young un- 
married boys to do the killing and getting 
killed in war, then after thev come home to 
make them pay the cost of the war. In this war 
with Germany to put an end to all war, it is safe 
to say that every selective drafted soldier lost at 
least one thousand dollars and farm boys that 
were engaged in the surplus method of farming 
lost from five to twenty-five thousand dollars 
each. In addition to this there were many thou- 
sands killed and many more thousands wound- 
ed and maimed for life. 

Therefore, as a matter of justice and for the 
purpose of causing a more equal distribution of 
the wealth of our country, which will follow in 
all others, and which is absolutely necessary for 
perpetuating government of the people, the 
new and victorious party will cause Exemption 
Boards to be appointed and questionnaires pre- 
pared and sent out to every person, corporation 
and trust in the United States. 

The law will provide the FEEDERS by 
exempting every farm boy or man living and 
working on a farm from which surplus food 

*See Justice. 



170 Peace 

products to the extent of one thousand dollars 
were sold the previous year, from all war train- 
ing of any kind. 

About one-third of the farmers produce cot- 
ton and tobacco and do not produce food for 
themselves or help or feed for their stock; 
another third produce a living and do not care 
to produce more. 

About 1890, the tile drainage craze struck the 
West, large open ditches were made by steam 
shovels for outlets, then the farms were tile 
drained and the Surplus method of the produc- 
tion was gradually adopted by about one-third 
of the farmers, new methods and new machin- 
ery were used and the whole system of farming 
revolutionized, this class of farm boys quit 
moving to the cities, the autos, tractors and 
new methods interested the boys and farming 
began to show some profits. 

The boys learned how to drive the autos and 
tractors and manage the new machinery; they, 
the boys from 16 to 30 years' of age for the last 
ten years prior to the war were furnishing the 
brains and most of the labor for producing the 
many surplus products that supply the markets 
with the immense amount and endless variety 
of food products for feeding the people of our 
own country and for export to foreign coun- 



Peace 171 

tries. Then the war came. Exemption boards 
were appointed, usually consisting of one 
doctor, one lawyer and one editor of a country 
newspaper, in the rural districts; question- 
naires were sent out providing for the exemp- 
tion of farm boys who were producing a large 
surplus of food products, but the Exemption 
Boards argued if Sam Smith's boy who was a 
poor man (make-a-living farmer) had to go 
then Johnny Jones who was practically run- 
ning his father's farm and had the financial 
backing, ability and brains to produce a yearly 
surplus of several thousand dollars of food 
products must also go. 

The only reason why we won the war is be- 
cause we did not get into it one year sooner or 
it did not last one year longer. When we sent 
the boys who were feeding the world to France, 
we prepared the way for starvation and revolu- 
tion in our country. It was exactly the same 
thing, or a little worse, than Napoleon did 
when he sent an army of five hundred thousand 
men to Moscow without making any prepara- 
tions for feeding them. 

We complain about the high cost of living. If 
the war had not come to an end last November 
and some of the farm boys let out in time to 
help with this year's crop (1919) most of the 
people of Europe and many in our own country 



172 Peace 

would have starved to death before food could 
have been produced to feed them. 

The FIGHTERS, FEEDERS and PAYERS 
are all of equal importance in winning the next 
war. Too much depends upon the feeders to 
leave their selection to the Exemption Boards. 
Now as to the PAYERS: 

The questionnaires will provide for locating 
the wealth and the amount owned by each in- 
dividual, corporation and trust, with the same 
penalties for false answers as provided for 
selecting the fighters. 

A million dollars represents a large amount 
of property and is as much as any one in- 
dividual, corporation or trust should be allowed 
to own, if we intend to perpetuate government 
of the people. Therefore those owning more 
than a million dollars will make the best payers 
and will be classed in the new questionnaires as 
follows: 

Class Number 

$1,000,000 and over A 1 

$900,000, less than $1,000,000 A 2 

$800,000, less than $900,000 A 3 

$700,000, less than $800,000 A 4 

$600,000, less than $700,000 A 5 

$500,000, less than $600,000 A 6 

$400,000, less than $500.000 A 7 



Peace 173 

$300,000, less than $400,000 A 8 

$200,000, less than $300,000 A 9 

S1Q0,000; less than $200,000 A 10 

When Class A. 1. is exhausted and reduced 
to a million dollars each they will fall into Class 
A. 2. and so on down to Class A. 10. 

The old and experienced advocates of Ger- 
man Preparedness claim the fighters should 
have at least two years of training in order to 
acquire obedience and form the habit of being 
soldiers; that will apply with equal force to 
payers. 

The royal families, aristocracy and autocracy 
of Europe have always been the rulers of 
Europe; the corporations, trusts, grain, cotton, 
stock gamblers and big business, usually called 
Wall Street or the money power have governed 
this country ever since the election of Samuel j. 
Tilden, president of the United States in 1876; 
we continue to have elections, we vote, some- 
times the republican party is in power, some- 
times the democratic party is in power, but gov- 
ernment comes from Wall Street just the same. 
Those in power are responsible for the war 
debt, it is their debt, let the PAYERS pay it 
and they will acquire the habit of paying while 
the FEEDERS feed and the FIGHTERS from 
the habit of being soldiers. 



174 Peace 

In regard to the rulers of this country. Presi- 
dent Wilson is the best authority on this ques- 
tion ; he is the author of a book that every voter 
should read. This book was published in 1913. 
Following are some quotations from — 



As previously stated, we have one million tons of 
warships and five million more in course of construc- 
tion. 

Japan and other nations will follow our example and 
increase their navies. All of these vessels use large 
quantities of oil. We have more railroads and farm 
machinery than all the rest of the World. When the 
oil is exhausted, there is nothing to take its place as a 
lubricant. This will cause a calamity that should be 
foreseen and averted. 

If permitted to come, it will cause more damage to 
the people of our country than all other nations com- 
bined. 

While calling a convention of the people of the 
United States, Germany England and France to or- 
ganize, "The United Nations" appeared to be the only 
way to prevent the calamity that preparedness in 
Europe was sure to cause. 

At the present time, the plans proposed for paying 
the expense of preparedness and war seems to be the 
best and surest way to prevent the next war. * * * 



The New Freedom 

By Woodrow Wilson 

Page 5. "There was a time when corpora- 
tions played a very minor part in our business 
affairs, but now they play the chief part, and 
most men are the servants of corporations. 

Page 15. "American industry is not free, as 
once it was free; American enterprise is not 
free ; the man with only a little capital is find- 
ing it harder to get into the field, more and 
more impossible to compete with the big fellow. 
Why? Because the laws of this country do not 
prevent the strong from crushing the weak. 

"This is the reason, and because the strong 
have crushed the weak the strong dominate the 
industry and the economic life of this country. 

Page 18. "There has come over the land 
that un-American set of conditions which en- 
ables a small number of men who control the 
government to get favors from the govern- 
ment. 

175 



176 The New Freedom 

Page 25. "I speak for the moment, of the 
control over the government exercised by Big 
Business. ***** Our government has been for 
the past few years under the control of heads of 
great allied corporations with special interests. 
It has not controlled these interests and assign- 
ed them a proper place in the whole system of 
business; it has submitted itself to their con- 
trol. 

"As a result, there have grown up vicious 
systems and schemes of governmental favorit- 
ism (the most obvious being the extravagant 
tariff), far-reaching in effect upon the whole 
fabric of life, touching to his injury every in- 
habitant of the land. 

Page 28. "We know that something inter- 
venes between the people of the United States 
and the control of their own affairs at Wash- 
ington. It is not the people who have been 
ruling there of late. 

Page 35. "The government, which was de- 
signed for the people, has got into the hands of 
bosses and their employers, the special inter- 
ests. An invisible empire has been set up 
above the forms of democracy. 

Page 57. "The masters of the government 
of the United States are the combined capital- 



The New Freedom 177 

ists and manufacturers of the United States. 
***** ,Page 58. "Every time it has come to a 
sritical question these gentlemen have been 
yielded to, and their demands have been treated 
as the demands that should be followed as a 
matter of course. The government of the Unit- 
ed States at present is a foster child of the 
special interests. It is not allowed to have a 
will of its own. ****** Page 59. "The gov- 
ernment of the United States in recent years 
has not been administered by the common 
people of the United States. You know just as 
well as I do, it is not an indictment against any- 
body, it is a mere statement of facts. 

Page 174. "Certain monopolies in this coun- 
try have gained almost complete control of the 
raw material, chiefly in the mines, out of which 
the great body of manufactures are carried on, 
and they now discriminate, when they will, in 
the sale of raw material between those who are 
rivals of the monopoly and those who submit to 
the monopoly. 

Page 175. "There is another injustice that 
monopoly engages in. The trust that deals in 
the cruder products which are to be trans- 
formed into the more elaborate manufactures 
often will not sell these crude products except 
upon the terms of monopoly — that is to say, 

12 



178 The New Freedom 

the people that deal with them must buy exclu- 
sively from them. 

Page 189. 'The facts of the situation 
amount to this: that a comparatively small 
number of men control the raw material of this 
country; that a comparatively small number of 
men control the water-powers that can be made 
useful for the economical production of the 
energy to drive our machinery; that the same 
number of men largely control the railroads; 
that by agreements handed around among 
themselves they control prices, and that the 
same group of men control the larger credits of 
the country. 

Page 194. "All that is proposed to do is to 
take them under control and regulation. 

Page 201. "We are at the parting of the 
ways. We have, not one or two or three, but 
many, established and formidable monopolies 
in the United States. We have, not one or two, 
but many, fields of endeavor into which it is 
difficult, if not impossible, for the independent 
man to enter. We have restricted credit, we 
have restricted opportunity, we have controlled 
development, and we have come to be one of 
the worst ruled, one of the most completely 
controlled and dominated governments in the 
civilized world — no longer a government by 



The New Freedom 179 

free opinion, no longer a government by con- 
viction and the vote of the majority, but a gov- 
ernment by the opinion and the duress of small 
gYoups of dominant men. 

Page 203. "There is no hope to be seen for 
the people of the United States until the part- 
nership is dissolved. And the business of the 
party now entrusted with power is going to be 
to dissolve it." 

If anything has been dissolved or any law 
passed that Wall Street did not want passed it 
has not been made known to the people. This 
applies to the Peace Conference as well as to 
the law making powers at Washington. 

We have not been diligent, we have allowed 
the corporations, trusts and big business to use 
the government, through the tariff, to acquire 
an undue proportion of the wealth of the coun- 
try and by the power of this great wealth under 
the control of a few individuals, (as Mr. Wilson 
says, New Freedom page 201) "We have come 
to be one of the worst ruled, one of the most 
completely controlled and dominated, govern- 
ments in the civilized world. 

It is not necessary to do any killing or riot- 
ing. That kind of revolution in a country where 
every citizen can vote and the majority rule is 



1 80 The United Nations 

of no benefit ; the drafted men and their families 
are a vast majority of this country ; they saved 
England and France from defeat and prevented 
a great war between Germany and the United 
States, by going to France and defeating Ger- 
many there. When the Peace Conference met 
in December, 1918, Germany was disarmed, 
they had every assurance that the conference 
would establish an International Army and 
Navy to prevent any nation from making war 
on another and then the nations would be safely 
disarmed; the Peace Conference remained in 
continual session for seven months and then 
submitted their League of Nations for its 
adoption by the various nations. So far as we 
are concerned, we find there is a prior and 
secret treaty between England and Japan; that 
we are required to send an army and supplies to 
Russia to assist England and Japan in subju- 
gating the Russian people, who have always 
been friends of the United States; that we are 
required to assist England when called upon to 
hold the people of Egypt, India, Ireland and all 
her colonies in subjugation. 

If we want Universal Peace and Prosperity 
we must: 

1. Organize a government of all the 
nations; an appropriate name would be THE 
UNITED NATIONS. 



The United Nations 181 

2. Elect a Peace Congress on a basis of fair 
and equal representation, population, trade and 
wealth being considered. 

3. The Peace Congress will be furnished 
with the best ship the ingenuity of man can 
construct, the name of the ship shall be : THE 
UNITED NATIONS. This ship will be the 
headquarters of the Peace Congress, the con- 
gress will be in continuous session, visiting all 
nations, informing themselves of existing con- 
ditions for the purpose of giving intelligent 
assistance when requested by the people of any 
nation that may be in trouble. 

4. The Peace Congress shall elect their own 
president and other officers from the members 
of the Congress. 

5. The pay of the members of the Peace 
Congress shall be Ten Thousand Dollars per 
annum, all living and traveling expense, except 
clothing, to be furnished free. 

6. For the purpose of giving the Peace Con- 
gress power of enforcing its mandates, it shall 
be furnished with a standing army of one mil- 
lion men, by the nations composing this union; 
the financial ability of Russia, India and China 
may be taken into consideration at present and 
their quota be reduced if necessary. 



182 The United Nations 

7. The Peace Congress shall be furnished 
with an international navy, consisting for the 
present of fifty battle ships, and other ships of 
war to make the navy a complete fighting 
machine. The nations shall contribute to this 
navy the best and fastest ships on the basis of 
the present naval power of the nations com- 
posing this union. 

8. The Peace Congress shall appoint all 
officers of the army and navy and remove the 
same for cause. 

9. After the International Navy is estab- 
lished, the naval strength of all the nations, in- 
cluding both members and non-members of 
this union shall be reduced in proportion to the 
remaining naval strength of the various 
nations, to the extent that the combined naval 
strength of all the nations shall not exceed 
seventy-five per cent of the naval strength of 
the United Nations. 

10. The reduction of naval strength may be 
accomplished for the present by removing the 
large caliber long range guns and turning them 
over to the care of the Peace Congress and re- 
placing them with small caliber short range 
guns. The armies of the various nations shall 
be reduced to the extent necessary to maintain 
order within their own borders. 



The United Nations 183 

11. Universal training and conscription 
shall not be permitted by any nation, either 
member' or non-member of this union, there- 
fore the men composing the international army 
and navy shall be volunteers, shall be paid at 
least fifty dollars per month in coin, and shall 
be entitled to discharge at the end of six years, 
given a bonus of six hundred dollars and free 
transportation home, except one-half of the 
first army and navy shall be required to serve 
three years only, and given a bonus of three 
hundred dollars and free transportation home. 

12. The army and navy shall be drilled in 
the English language and schools shall be 
maintained by the Peace Congress to assist the 
men in learning that language sufficient to 
understand all orders. 

13. Trade being the great civilizer of man- 
kind and all tariff duties being based upon in- 
justice, freedom of trade by and between all 
nations composing this union, except in intoxi- 
cating beverages and other poisons shall be 
established and maintained by the Peace Con- 
gress. 

14. The Peace Congress shall have full and 
complete control over the manufacture and 
sale of all kinds of war material, including war 
ships, submarines, torpedoes, airplanes, bombs, 



184 The United Nations 

cannons, rifles and all other instruments and 
material necessary for any nation to make war 
on another nation, this section applies to all 
nations either members or non-members of this 
union. 

15. The Peace Congress shall have full and 
complete control of all straits, narrows and 
canals and hold them open for ships of all 
nations on exactly the same terms. 

16. The flag of the United Nations shall be 
the same as the flag of the United States, 
except the blue square shall be round to repre- 
sent the Earth, with a star to represent each 
nation. 

IT. The Peace Congress shall not interfere 
with the internal affairs or troubles of any 
nation, except when called upon by the govern- 
ment or people for its advice and assistance. 

18. The Peace Congress may send com- 
mittees or individual members on tours of in- 
spection throughout any of the nations com- 
posing this union. 

19. The Peace Congress shall, as soon as 
possible establish a Universal system of coin- 
age also a Universal system of weights and 
measures. 



The United Nations 185 

20. In case any nation, either member or 
non-member of this union violates any of the 
mandates of the Peace Congress, the ports of 
such nation shall be closed to all trade and 
travel; if this does not produce the desired 
effect, the army and navy shall be called into 
action and the rebellious nation reduced to sub- 
mission, made to pay the cost of the proceed- 
ings, including five thousand dollars for each 
and every soldier of the international army that 
may be killed or wounded. 

The people of all nations will fix their own 
boundaries. That includes the Philippines, 
Ireland, Egypt, India, China, Canada, the 
Balkans and all other nations. There are 
reasons why it would be better for the smaller 
nations of Europe to unite and organize the 
United States of Europe; it makes no differ- 
ence about the boundaries, there will be free- 
dom of trade and travel by and between all 
nations, just the same as we have free trade by 
and between all the States of the United States. 

In the construction of the Eighth Column it 
was shown that The Public Utilities will be 
owned by the people and operated by the gov- 
ernment for the people, that being the law pro- 
vided by the Creator to carry out His intention : 
"Even as the green herb have I given you 
all things. " Then the people of all nations will 



186 Peace 

adopt it. Manifestly, it would be less compli- 
cated if the Public Utilities of all of Europe 
were included as one nation for that purpose; 
this applies also to North America, the Public 
Utilities of Canada and Mexico should be in- 
cluded with those of the United States. 

There is no time to be lost. The new war debt 
of the world added to the old one, in addition 
to the cost of the new and more expensive 
preparedness that the nations of the Earth are 
rushing into, will be a burden that the people of 
this age will not long endure. 

THE UNITED NATIONS must be or- 
ganized and armed with an international army 
and navy to prevent any nation from making 
war on another and the nations disarmed; that 
will put an end to war and that is the only way 
to do it ; if we wait for the next war, which will 
not be long coming, the whole world, with the 
possible exception of China, will be financially 
bankrupt and civilization swept away and the 
few people left will be in the same or worse 
condition than the people of Russia at the 
present time. 

Think of it, reader, the day the armies are 
disbanded, the navies disarmed, the cannon 
spiked; that day and forever after, life, home, 
family, civilization, property, everything we 



Peace 187 

hold dear, is safer than it was the day before. 
These are the playthings of the childhood of 
civilization, the instruments of the barbarian. 
Tljey belong to a by-gone age, have been 
weighed in the balance and found wanting and 
should be buried with the dead past before they 
inflict another and a greater calamity upon 
mankind. 

That irresistible force, the constant pressure 
of the selfish mainspring of human conduct, on 
the common people; the force that overthrew 
the Kaiser and German militarism, the force 
that caused the downfall of the Czar and the 
Russian Autocracy, was more especially 
provided by the Creator for the construction of 
this Column, which will be the crowning glory 
of man. It is plainly based upon the proposi- 
tion that the Earth was created for mankind 
and the fruits of the Earth are the gift of the 
Creator to all. 






Diagram Showing 
Construction of 

Twelfth Column 




Religion 

m 



Religion 189 

WHERE KNOWLEDGE GOES THE CHRISTIAN 
RELIGION FOLLOWS. IT APPEARS TO BE 
THE ONLY RELIGION THAT REQUIRES 
UNIVERSAL EDUCATION, THAT THRIVES 
% ON THE INCREASE OF KNOWLEDGE, 
THAT IS STRENGTHENED BY EVERY 
NEW DISCOVERY OF SCIENCE. 



CONSTRUCTION OF TWELFTH COLUMN 



Religion 



RELIGION is the recognition of a 
supreme being, and is to each individual 
according to his intellectual attain- 
ments. It defines man's duty to his Creator 
and to his fellow men. 

Religious liberty is the discovery and appli- 
cation of the natural law that every one has the 
right to his own religious opinion. 

The plain duty of man to mankind is to 
observe the golden rule — "Do unto others as 
you would that others do unto you." 

To do his work, at least not obstruct it, to 
establish universal peace and harmony and 
carry the Christian religion to all nations, is the 
duty of man to the Creator. 

It is almost useless to undertake to accom- 
plish this great work by sending a few mission- 
aries to heathen or uncivilized countries. The 
ignorant and uneducated cannot understand, 

190 



Religion 191 

consequently cannot embrace the spirit of the 
Christian religion. 

"They may," says Mr. Buckle, the great his- 
torian of Civilization in England, "build 
churches and attend the meetings, adopt the 
rites and ceremonies of the new religion, but 
the religion itself cannot be adopted by an 
ignorant people; the ignorance must first be 
removed." Therefore, the forward movement 
of Christianity depends upon the general dif- 
fusion of knowledge. 

Where knowledge goes the Christian religion 
follows. It is the only religion that requires 
universal education, that thrives on the in- 
crease of knowledge, that is strengthened by 
every new discovery of science. 

As trade was intended by the Creator to be 
the great civilizer of mankind, the immense in- 
crease of trade and travel and the correspond- 
ing increase of prosperity in all nations that 
will be caused by the downfall of protection 
from poverty by taxation and the maintenance 
of peace on a war basis, will cause an awaken- 
ing of the people, resulting in the desired dif- 
fusion of knowledge, which will necessarily 
lead to the adoption of the Christian religion 
by the people of all nations. 



192 Religion 

Then will the magnificant structure, the 
grandest work of man, be complete, according 
to the plans and specifications of Him who 
doeth all things well. 



Notes 

Note 1. The word man as used in this book 
includes both men and women. So far no 
scientific reason has been discovered for mak- 
ing any distinction in the rights, either political 
or otherwise, of individuals on account of sex. 
Universal Peace and Universal Civilization 
cannot be attained without perfect equality and 
the combined effort of both men and women. 

Note 2. Mr. Buckle, whom I have often 
quoted in this book, repeatedly warns us of the 
danger of the abuse of power by any class of 
the people. Speaking of the condition of the 
people of India, he says: "It was therefore to 
be expected that the unequal distribution of 
wealth should cause an unequal distribution of 
power, and there is no instance on record of 
any class possessing power without abusing it." 

Again he says: "The love of exercising 
power has been found to be so universal that no 
class of men who have possessed authority 
have been able to avoid abusing it." To allow 
the bankers to issue paper money and control 

13 193 



194 Notes 

the amount is evidently conferring upon them 
a power which they will be sure to abuse. 

Note 3, in memory of my beloved daughter 
Mabel. 

HELEN'S FAREWELL 

I'm going to put you away, Dolly, 

For I've grown a woman to be. 
"When you're a man, put away childish things'' 

And, Dolly, my dear, that means me. 

The pastor read that from the Bible, 

And I know right away that I should 
Put away my dolly and dishes 
And everything else that I could. 

Just think, Til be twelve next birthday, 
So I'll dress you up nice as can be, 

A hat and a coat and a dress ruftly fine 
I'll make, and then we shall see 

If that helps the heartache that's in me, 
For it's funny what queer pains are there 

In front of my left shoulder blade, dear, 
And I never once thought I should care. 

So I'll say "good-by," precious dolly, 

But I'll visit you once in a while, 
For I know I just couldn't stand it 

To never again see your smile. 

By V. Reeling. 



Justice 

IN THE CHANCERY COURT. BILL 
FOR PARTITION. No. 13902. The bill 
shows, on its face that it was filed thirty-two 
years after the death of the ancestor and there 
was no excuse for the long delay. 

The Supreme Court of the United States has 
established the rule that equity is the same all 
over the United States and the State Courts are 
required to follow its decisions in all equity 
matters. In Badger vs. Badger 69, U. S. 836 
the court says: In all cases of unreasonable 
delay the complainant must show in his bill 
that he has been deprived of his right by the 
fraud and deception of the defendant, other- 
wise it is the duty of the court to dismiss the 
bill at complainants cost. 

Again in Bicknell vs. Comstock 113 U. S. 149 
the court says: After the full running of the 
Statute (of limitations) the one in possession 
has a perfect title to the land and the one out of 
possession has lost all right of action. There- 
fore, all that defendants attorneys had to do 

195 



196 Justice 

was to allege, that the bill of complaint shows 
unreasonable delay on its face and no excuse; 
and on account of the delay the complainant 
had lost all right of action, and the defendants 
had a perfect title to the premises, and request 
the court to dismiss the bill at complainants 
cost, confirm the title to the premises in the 
defendants, and cite the above cases in the U. 
S. courts. In that case, if the trial court did not 
see fit to follow the U. S. Supreme Court the 
cause could have been appealed to the State 
Supreme Court, if that court did not see fit to 
follow the decisions of the U. S. Court then the 
cause could have been appealed to the U. S. 
Supreme Court and that court w r ould have had 
to reverse old and established rules of law and 
equity or reverse the State courts and order the 
titled confirmed in the defendants. 

Instead of doing this, defendants attorneys, 
without the knowledge or consent of defend- 
ants, commenced their answer to the bill of 
complaint as follows: We, the defendants 
admit the complainant is a cotenant, owns a 
one-third interest in the premises and is 
entitled to a decree for partition. 

Evidently the court had no jurisdiction to do 
anything in the matter except dismiss the cause 
at complainants cost and confirm the title in 
the defendants; instead of doing this the court. 



Justice 197 

on June 21, 1910 appointed commissioners to 
divide and partition the premises, without 
directing them to set the improvements off to 
the one who made them without taking the 
value of the improvements into consideration. 

On Nov. 9, 1910 the commissioners sub- 
mitted their report, finding that the premises 
could not be partitioned and divided without 
prejudice to the owners and estimated the 
value of the premises at $12,000.00. On the 
same day the court issued the Decree of Sale, 
without directing the master to sell it subject 
to the mortgage or free of the mortgage. 

On or about Nov. 12, 1910 the court issued 
a paper, headed : 

MEMORANDA OF DECREE ON 
ACCOUNTING. 

For the instruction of the attorneys in draft- 
ing the Decree on Accounting; in this paper the 
defendants are allowed credit on the account- 
ing for all moneys and interest thereon paid 
out in the payment of the mortgage; and for all 
moneys and interest thereon paid for repairs, 
taxes, and insurance; as to the improvements 
the defendants were to be allowed credit for the 
increase in the sale price of the land caused by 
the improvements, which was proven by the 



198 Justice 

testimony of three competent witnesses to be 
$9,200.00. 

On Jan. 14, 1911 the Master sold the premises 
to the defendants for $12,400.00 cash. The 
public was barred from bidding because there 
was no Decree of Accounting on file and it was 
not stated in the advertisement or orally at the 
time of the sale whether the premises were to 
be sold free of the mortgage or subject to the 
mortgage. 

In the evening after the sale of the premises 
the attorneys and judge who had charge of this 
cause in equity met in the office of the Master 
in Chancery, set aside the section of the 
Memoranda of Decree on Accounting in rela- 
tion to defendants credits and prepared the 
Decree on Accounting, as it appears in the 
record, allowing the defendants credit on the 
accounting for the complainants PROPOR- 
TIONATE SHARE of the mortgage, im- 
provements, repairs, taxes and insurance which 
they have paid "out of their own funds." This 
decree was dated back five months and eight 
days to August 6, 1910 and filed as if made at 
that time. The act of dating this decree back 
is a penitentiary offense. 

The commissioners to divide and partition 
the premises were appointed June 21, 1910 sub- 



Justice 199 

mitted their report Nov. 9, 1910 during all of 
this time they had the subject matter of this 
cause in equity in their hands and under their 
qontrol and the court had no jurisdiction to 
enter the Decree on Accounting until after the 
report of the commissioners was submitted and 
confirmed by the court. 

It is a well established rule of law and equity 
that a decree made without jurisdiction is 
absolutely null and void; every action of the 
courts under that decree is null and void and 
the distribution of defendants money under 
that decree was no better in any particular than 
the division of the loot among thieves after 
holding up the officers of a bank and robbing 
the safe. 

On Jan. 24, 1912 the Master in Chancery 
submitted his report in which he finds, the 
ancestor in this cause died June 9, 1877, that 
the value of the premises for the years 1877, 
1878, 1879 and 1880 was $1,600.00 mortgaged 
for $1,600.00 at ten per cent annual interest 
which the defendants paid "OUT OF THEIR 
OWN FUNDS". 

The owners equity in a piece of land is the 
difference between the value of the land and 
the mortgage. In this cause in equity the 
owner had no equity in the land, and after the 



200 Justice 

court confirmed the report of the Master the 
courts again had no jurisdiction to proceed 
with the case, because there was no subject 
matter involved. 

The Master found in this report that the 
defendants paid for all of the improvements, 
repairs, taxes, and insurance ever since the 
vear of 1877 "OUT OF THEIR OWN 
FUNDS". 

In the Decree on Accounting made in the 
evening of the day of the sale Jan. 14, 1911 the 
court set off a homestead for the widow 34 
years after the death of the husband (the 
ancestor) and three years after the death of the 
widow. The law provides if any party to the 
suit is entitled to a homestead the court will 
set it off, that is instruct the commissioners to 
set it off, the widow was not a party to the suit. 
She was not summoned. 

Here is the object of the homestead: The 
Master found the widows share $1,000.00 was 
five eighths of $1,600.00 and the heirs share was 
three-eighths and the complainants Propor- 
tionate Share was one-third of three-eighths; 
he found that the amount of mortgage and in- 
terest on same for 34 years was $8,002.00; that 
the widows share was five-eighths, $5,001.25; 
that the heirs share, three-eighths, is $3,000.75; 



Justice 201 

that the complainants Proportionate Share, 
one-third of $3,000.75 is $1,000.25 and that was 
the amount allowed the defendants for paying 
tl}e mortgage. That is they were allowed one- 
eighth of the amount that ought to have been 
allowed; the Master further found that the cost 
of the improvements, drainage and repairs was 
$3,203.00 which the defendants paid out of 
their own funds, and the complainants propor- 
tionate share of this after making due' allow- 
ance for the homestead is $1,696.58; that the 
taxes and insurance all paid by the defendants 
out of their own funds since and including the 
year 1877 is $949.35 and complainants propor- 
tionate share of same, after making due allow- 
ance for the homestead is $438.20, (no interest 
was allowed on the improvements, drainage 
and repairs or on the taxes and insurance, 
except on complainants proportionate share,) 
making says the Master $3,134.93 that the de- 
fendants have credit for the Proportionate 
Share of the complainant for improvements, 
mortgage indebtedness, interest, repairs, drain- 
age, taxes and insurance w r hich thev have paid 
"OUT OF THEIR OWN FUNDS". 

The law in regard to improvements in parti- 
tion proceedings is very simple and easily 
understood and is as follows: 

MANTERNACH vs. STUDT, 240 111. 464 



202 Justice 

(page 470). In case one tenant in common im- 
proves the property, if a bill is filed for parti- 
tion the court will, if possible, allot the portion 
improved to the one making the improvement, 
without taking into account the value of the 
improvement. Dean vs. Omera, 47 111. 120; 
Noble vs. Tipton, 219 111. 182 (that applies to 
instructions to commissioners). 

The following applies to instructions to the 
Master in Chancery: If such division cannot 
be made, the court will allow the one making 
the improvement the increase in the value of 
the premises caused thereby and not the cost of 
the improvement. Mahoney vs. Mahoney, 65 
111. 406; Cooter vs. Dearborn, 115 111. 509. 

In this case the Master found the cost of the 
improvements was $3,203.00. The court, the 
Master and the attorneys, evidently entered 
into a conspiracy to compel the defendants to 
buy their own premises by not stating whether 
it was to be sold subject to the mortgage or 
not; the defendants bought the premises, that 
is the land and the improvements and paid 
$3,203.00 for the improvements again and no 
attempt was made to allow them anything for 
the $3,203.00 they paid over to the Master for 
their own improvements. Here was a direct 
violation of law resulting in robbing the de- 
fendants of $3,203.00. 



Justice 208 

This cause in equity was taken to the 
State Supreme Court on a Writ of Error, 
the whole record was before the court. That 
court has repeatedly said that the court derives 
jurisdiction from the constitution, and the law. 
In this cause the court said the admissions of 
the answer settle the question of a freehold 
and deprive the court of jurisdiction and trans- 
fers the cause to the Appellate Court. 

Under the rulings and decisions of the 
Supreme Court of the United States, herein 
quoted, the State Supreme Court had no 
jurisdiction in the matter, except to dismiss the 
cause at complainants cost and direct the trial 
court to confirm the title to the premises in the 
defendants. It is absurd to claim that the ad- 
missions of defendants attorneys can overrule 
the Supreme Court of the United States and 
give the State Supreme Court jurisdiction 
to transfer a cause in equity that was outlawed 
by the decisions of the U. S. Supreme Court. 

The whole object of this action in equity was 
to make business for the attorneys and provide 
a graft fund for the banks that furnish bond for 
the Master in Chancery. It is safe to say that 
no private individual ever did anything to 
corrupt the courts of the United States. Who 
did it? In a certain divorce case found in the 
Chicago papers of Sept. 4, 1919 we find the fol- 



n 



204 Justice 

lowing testimony: Joseph Porchia on the 
stand. 

Q — What was the girls name? was it Sadie 
McDonnough ? A — Yes, sir. 

Q — This girl, Sadie McDonnough — you took 
her to Philadelphia for the Metropolitan Street 
Railroad Company ? A — Yes, sir. 

Q — And you brought the girl back to New 
York to testify against Oppenheim? A — I 
took her away on orders of the Metropolitan 
Street Railroad Company so she would not 
appear before Referee Odell, fearing that she 
would break down, in order that she would not 
confess that she was paid. 

Q — You knew that Sadie McDonnough was 
going to take the stand against Oppenheim and 
lie? A— I did. 

Q — And you knew that she was being paid 
by the Metropolitan Street Railroad Company? 
A — Yes, sir. 

Q — And you had done business with the 
Oppenheims before that? A — Yes. 

Q — Sadie did testify against Oppenheim? 
A — Yes, sir. 

Q — And you did testify against Oppenheim? 
A — Yes, sir. 



Justice 205 

Q — And you corroborated the two girls? 
A — Yes, sir, because the Company had already 
agreed to give me $50,000 and a life job. I was 
only 22 then and I held the job twelve years. I 
admit it. When the time came for me to tell 
the referee why I did that I vindicated them. I 
did it on the advice of a prominent judge sit- 
ting on the bench today. 

O — You confessed that you lied in the Op- 
penheim trial? A — Yes, sir. 

Q — You knew how to frame-up? A — Yes, 
sir, for the Company. THAT WAS MY 
BUSINESS. 

Yes that was my business, to frame up testi- 
mony for the company. If the rottenness of the 
business was confined to the corporations and 
trusts it would not be so bad, but the trouble is 
the real damage falls upon the ordinary people, 
those who have some property but not enough 
to employ Frame Ups and attorneys by the 
vear to save them from being deprived of their 
homes and property by such Actions in Chan- 
cery as No. 13902. 

This cause in Equity is plain proof that the 
Chancery Court should to be abolished. There 
is no good reason for allowing so called lawyers 
and judges to continue making frame ups in 



206 Justice 

partition cases without juries to hear the 
evidence and at least try to administer justice. 

If we propose to perpetuate government of 
the people the time is here to make the judges 
and lawyers over and make them honest or 
abolish the whole system of State courts. 

In the cause 13902 there were nine so-called 
lawyers and two judges in the trial court, each 
and every one of them knew the court had no 
jurisdiction: First, Because every allegation 
of the bill was barred by the Statute of Limita- 
tions. 

Second, Because the court had no jurisdic- 
tion to issue the Decree on Accounting before 
the commissioners submitted their report. 
Third, Because the Master found the value of 
the premises was $1,600.00 mortgaged for 
$1,600.00 at ten per cent interest. 

All of these judges and lawyers were sworn 
to protect the inviolability of the mortgage con- 
tract. Then the Cause was taken to the 
State Supreme Court. That court being de- 
prived of jurisdiction by the admissions of 
lawyers, that were barred by the Statute of 
Limitations, transferred it to the Appellate 
Court, which court confirmed the findings of 



Justice 207 

the trial court and then it was taken back to the 
Supreme Court on some kind of an action in 
law, wherein a full copy of the mortgage was 
laid before that court, but a hearing was denied. 
Evidently any attempt to reform the State 
Courts would be a tremendous undertaking. 

Under the circumstances the only thing the 
people can do is to abolish the whole system 
and elect juries to hear and decide all cases 
between individuals without the assistance of 
any lawyers or judges. There will be no cor- 
porations and trusts to prosecute; and the 
Public Utilities being operated by the govern- 
ment, the United States Supreme Court would 
have time to settle all cases arising between the 
people and the government. 

In this connection a pamphlet by George 
Shelley Hughs, Chicago — "Corporations and 
Trade Unions" — is timely. Mr. Hughs shows 
Corporations to be destructive to every phase 
of democracy, and shows how they may be de- 
stroyed without violence to Constitution or 
Laws. This question of corporations for profit 
is the next to be considered by the people. 



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